wise action of the provincial congress, 429; unanimity secured, 430.
Convention (1776), members and course of action, v. 4; declaration of independence received, 4; spirit of the people, 26; sole condition as to peace, 323; as to slavery, 411; ac- tion of the legislature on public lands in the West, 442; action toward a general convention of the states, 559; sanctions the federal convention, vi. 31; Clinton's advice, and Washing- ton's letter, 93; politics, how corrupt- ed, 130; remedies proposed for dis- tress in trade, 137, 138; holds on to its custom-house, 166; receives reve- nue, 193; accedes to general conven- tion recommended by Virginia, 199; rights of free negroes in, 291; objec- tions to the new constitution, 373, 374; unreasonable, 454; federal re- publicans organize against the new constitution, 454; legislature orders a state convention, 455; division of parties, 455; the convention meets in June (1788), 456; debate, warm and earnest, 456-459; conditional ratification condemned, 459; the fcd- eral constitution ratified, 460; a sec- ond federal convention called for, 460; federal elections, 466, 467. New York city (Manhattan), i. 519; in- corporated, 523; first American con- gress meets in, iii. 149, 150; rises against the stamp-tax, 161; riotous proceedings in, 161; the Sons of Liberty," 198, 199; rejoicings in, on repeal of the stamp-act, 221; Gover- nor Tryon enters the city, 236; move- ments in, 311; Sears secures the can- non, 311; ships-of-war in the harbor, 312; fortifications erected, 384, 385; exposed position of, 429; refuses the tea, and sends off the tea-ship, 448, 480; reception of Washington (1776), iv. 376; riot in, v. 4, 5; fortifications in and around, 26; the army crosses from Brooklyn, 36-38; Greene pro- poses to burn the city, 40; it is re- solved to hold it, 42; cowardly flight of troops, 44, 45; the British in pos- session, 45, 46; British troops driven back, 46, 47; a large fire in, 48; the island evacuated, 69, 70; wishes in, for a national union, vi. 130; discus- sions as to union, etc., 192, 193; re- joicings over the ratification of the federal constitution (1788), 460; grand procession, and Hamilton's triumph in the result, 460.
Niagara, Fort, built by the French, i.
589; importance of, ii. 223; taken from the French, 501. Nicholas, George, in the Virginia state convention supports the federal con- stitution, vi. 436.
Nicholas, Robert C., iv. 17; in the Vir- ginia convention, 415. Nicholson, Francis, Effingham's lieuten- ant in Virginia (1691), ii. 17, 18; governor of Maryland, 21; deputy governor of New York, 35; on the colonial spirit of independence, 85; in command of expedition against Acadia, 199; governor of Carolina, 216; confirms peace with the na- tives (1721), 216.
Nicola, Colonel, letter to Washington urging a monarchy, v. 558; letter, how received, 558.
Nicolls, Richard, one of the royal com- missioners, i. 376; in command of fleet at New Amsterdam, 518, 519; supreme power of, 523; exactions of,
Ninety-Six, South Carolina, capitulates, v. 378, 379; besieged by General Greene, 501; abandoned by the Brit- ish, 502.
Nipising Indians, aid in reducing Fort William Henry, and share in the mas- sacre of captives, ii. 466, 467. Nipising Lake, ii. 141. Nipmucks, Indians, in interior of Massa- chusetts, i. 388.
Nixon, John, captain of Sudbury com- pany at Concord, iv. 162; at Bunker Hill, 221.
Niza, M. de, a Franciscan, i. 31; claimed to have seen Cibola, 32; meanness of, 34, 35.
Norfolk, Virginia, position of, and in- habitants, iv. 319; occupied by Rob- ert Howe, 320; burned, January 1, 1776, by order of Dunmore, 320, 321. Norridgewock village, Maine, destroyed by the English, ii. 220.
North, Lord, in parliament, ii. 409; in the treasury department, 556; share of, in the stamp-tax plan, iii. 55, 56; offered office, declines, 244; succeeds Townshend, character of, 263; will have America at his fect, 323, 326; refuses repeal of the revenue act, 344, 345; cabinet retain duty on tea, 346; prime minister, 367; holds on to preamble of act and tax on tea, 381, 382; feels secure in office, 396, 398; policy of, 438, 439; advises ex- portation of tea, 443; course toward Boston, 469-471; presents Boston
port bill, 471; wishes to send com- missioners to America, iv. 92.
Lays a paper before parliament (1775), iv. 99, 100; reproached by Fox, 114; proposes to declare Massa- chusetts in rebellion, 117; asks Fox's advice, 118; consults Franklin, 127; disagreement with, 128; weak, and false in consequence, 151; orders raising Canadian regiments, 151; offer to the colonists, 200, 201; this answered and rejected, 245, 246; goes with the king in his violent measures, 280-282; refuses to listen to Grafton, 281; on taxing the cǝlo- nies, 255, 287; uneasy, halting, etc., 288; bitter words over Montgomery, 309; on hiring German mercenaries, 356; threatens to resign, v. 22; in parliament, 54, 55; deeply affected at news of Burgoyne's surrender, 224; the king holds him to continue the war, 225; feelings of, in old age, 225; makes two conciliatory proposi. tions in the house of commons, 247, 248; how received, 248; despondent, 249; favors Franklin's offers, 253; discouraged, 282, 283; agitated over Cornwallis's surrender, 523; end of administration of, 531; makes an attack on the treaty of peace, vi. 39; in the coalition ministry, 44. North Carolina. See Carolina, North. North-cast passage to India, search for, i. 478.
Northfield, Massachusetts, i. 389, 890. Northington, specch of, iii. 189, 190; votes for repeal of the stamp-act, 210; president of the council, 225. Norton, Sir F., in parliament, iii. 186. Norton, John, envoy of Massachusetts to England, i. 370.
North-west passage, search for, by New- port and Smith, i. 89. North-west territory, the right over, v. 14; views of Maryland as to, 283, 284; claims of Virginia respecting, 441, 442; ceded to the United States (1781) by Virginia, vi. 14; plan for colonizing and forming new states in, 81; slavery to be excluded, 81; Wash- ington's plan for organizing, 103, 104: deed of cession from Virginia, 115, 116; ordinance for the governance of, 116, 117; the proposed five new states, 280; jealous feeling toward, 280; need of territorial government for, 281; power of congress over,
Norwalk, Connecticut, burned by the British, v. 330.
Nottingham, New Hampshire, rapid march of men of, iv. 169. Nova Scotia (see Acadia and Canada), attempts at settlement by the Scotch, i. 218, 219; loyalists banished to (1783), vi. 101.
Noyes, N., minister of Salem, Massachu- setts, share in the witchcraft murders, ii. 63, 65, 66.
Nurse, Rebecca, hanged for witchcraft, ii. 59-63.
Nyc, Philip, a "faithful minister in Lon- don," i. 232.
O'Brien, Captain Jeremiah, iv. 184. Oconostata, great Cherokee warrior, ii. 515-521.
Ogden, of New Jersey, opposes views as to liberty, in congress, ii. 155; burnt in effigy, 162. Ogdensburg (Oswegatchic), New York, Jesuit mission at (1748), ii. 337. Oglethorpe, James, noble aim of, ii. 281; founds Savannah, 282, 283; meets the Muskoligees, Cherokees, Choctas, 283, 284; returns to England, 286; takes colonists to Georgia, 287, 288; builds forts, 290; in high favor with the In- dian tribes, 291; goes to England and brings out a regiment of troops (1738), 292; will have nothing to do with slavery, 292; meets the tribes in council, 292, 293; invades Florida, 297; to no purpose, however, 298; returns to England, 298; character and merits of, 299; aids Georgia, iii. 286.
Ohio, beginning of the state of, vi. 103, 104; origin of the name, 125. Ohio Company of Virginia, ii. 362; em- ploys Gist, 362, 363; opens a road, 377; begins a fort, which is taken by the French, 381, 383.
Ohio Company for colonizing, etc. (1787), vi. 284, 285.
Ohio, North-west Territory. See North- west Territory.
Ohio river, first seen by Marquette, ii. 157.
Ohio valley, importance of, ii. 361, 362; richness of its lands, 364, 366; the colonies refuse the expense of defend- ing, 368; England gives no aid, 375; the French in possession (1754), 885; the English driven out by the French, 468.
Ojibwas, Indians, ii. 93, 141, 150,
Oldham, John, murdered by the Indians, i. 266. Oliver, Andrew, at the Albany congress, ii. 331, 333; appointed stamp dis- tributor in Massachusetts, iii. 112; burned in effigy, 135, 136; is threat- ened, 136; forced to resign, 170, 171; not re-elected to the bench, 218; on the "taking off" of traitors, 332; re- moval of, de nanded, 441; impeached, 468; impossible for him to hold court, iv. 53, 54; in "greatest distress," forced to resign, 55.
Oneidas and Onon lagas, two of the Five Nations of Indians, i. 583 (see Iro- quois); friendship of, preserved by the Americans (1778), v. 222. Onondagas (sce Oneidas), expedition of Van Schaick and Willet against, v. 332.
Onondio and Corlaer, meaning of the terms, ii. 176.
Onslow, speaker of the house of com. mons, held that parliament had power to tax America, ii. 348. Opechancanough, brother of Powhatan, treats John Smith kindly, i. 93; suc- ceeds Powhatan, 127; death of, 142. Orangeburg, South Carolina, v. 500, 501. Ord, George, in a sloop, takes a maga zine in Bermuda, iv. 249. Oregon, Sir Francis Drake in, i. 66. O'Reilly, in New Orleans, iii 353, 354; in the Spanish service, v. 137. Oriskany, fierce fight at, with the In- dians, v. 169, 279.
Osborne, Sir Danvers, goes to New York, ii. 375; failure and suicide, 376: New York on instructions of, 410, 413. Oswald, Richard, British diplomatic agent, v. 535; takes a letter to Franklin, 540; instructions to, 543; letter to, from Lord Shelburne, 547, 548; the commission, 550, 551; inter- view with Jay, 564; how his letters were received, slight change in the commission, 569; the new negotiation, 570; arranges treaty of peacc, 570, 571; Strachey sent to join him, 573; course of, with Strachey and Fitzher- bert, 578, 579.
Oзwegatchie, now Ogdensburg, ii. 337. Oswego, New York, English fortress at,
ii. 221; taken by Montcalm, 453; Bradstreet visits, 491.
Otis, James, of Barnstable, speaker of Massachusetts house of representa- tives, ii. 531, 532.
Otis, James, the younger, ii. 532; speech against writs of assistance, 547; char- acter of, 548; elected to the Massa-
chusetts assembly, 549; theory of government, 560, 561; popularity of, 561; sentiments of (1763), iii. 34; prepares paper for the agent in Lon- don, 78; argument for the colonics and rights, 80-82; desponding views of, 109; advises calling a congress, 113; on representation, and Magna Charta, 119; union his cry, 120; on South Carolina's course, 121; in con- gress, ability of, 153; on opening of courts, 171; pamphlet on a general parliament, 197; speaker of the as- sembly, 217; on offending Great Brit- ain, 264; earnest for independence, 307, 308; mind of, disordered, 360; affray in Boston, 360; becomes a maniac, 407; last appearance in pub- lic, 422; death of, 422.
Ottawas, Indians, ii. 93, 186, 524; iii. 43.
Oumas, Indians, ii. 188.
Overyssel, states of, oppose loaning troops to England, iv. 347, 348. Oxenstiern, Chancellor, efforts of, to colonize on the Delaware, i. 502. Oyster river village, New Hampshire, attacked by the Indians, ii. 182.
Paca, W., in Maryland state convention on the federal constitution, vi. 412, 413.
Paine, R. T., delegate to congress, iv.
Paine, Timothy, a mandamus councillor, forced to resign, iv. 49.
Paine, Thomas, iv. 178; education of,
etc., 313; author of "Common Sense," 313-315; employed by Rob- ert Morris, v. 557; author of "Pub- lic Good," vi. 12. Palatines, in Carolina, i. 420. Palmer, Eliakim, agent for Connecticut, ii. 347.
Panin, first minister of empress of Russia, iv. 276-278; views and policy of, v. 342, 348, 355.
Paper money, in America, ii. 262, 263; parliament interferes respecting, 263, 264; action of Massachusetts, 348; issues of, by congress, iv. 237, 246, 337; v. 143, 218, 290, 292; whole amount issued up to December 1778, 293, 294; further issues, 294, 439, 440, 446, 447; ill effects of, in the American states, vi. 167, 168; laws of Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, respecting,
168, 169; laws of other states on the subject, 169-173; public opinion on this sort of money, 175, 176; the states prohibited issuing, 303-305. Papists, in Maryland, i. 172. Parker, John, captain at Lexington, iv.
Parker, Moses, taken prisoner, and dies
in Boston jail, iv. 230. Parker, Sir Peter, in command of Brit- ish fleet against Charleston, South Carolina, arrives in Cape Fear river, iv. 397; begins attack on Fort Moul- trie, 404; ships of, aground, 406; terrible fire on flagship of, 407; re- treats, 408, 409; crimination and re- crimination with Clinton, 409; at New York, v. 31.
Parliament, first act of, relating to America, i. 61; favors the Puritans, 197; condemns monopoly of the Plymouth company, 217; supremacy of, over the colonies, 352; absolute in 1688, 601; ii. 6; attitude toward the colonies, 70; notes the growth of republican spirit in America, 70, 71; scheme of, to govern by prerogative, 72, 73; appoints a board of trade, 73; plan for placing the colonies under a military dictatorship, 73, 74; taxation by, 75, 76; prerogative and veto powers, 76; judiciary in the colonies, habeas corpus, the press, etc., in relation to the crown and par- liament, 76, 77; threatens all the charters, 77; colonics refuse the quota plan, 78; mercantile system developed and sustained, 79, 80; courts of admiralty established, and laws against manufactures in the colonies, 80, 81; opposition to this tyrannous policy, 81, 82; defines pi- racy and its punishment, 83; regu- lates the currency, 83; offers bounty on naval stores, 84; as to the right to tax the colonies, 84, 251; favors the islands above the colonies, 242- 244; act of, for naturalization in America, 264; is held to be supreme over the colonies, 338, 339; plan for taxing the colonies, 382, 383; is asked to tax the colonics, 411; dis- cussion as to taxing America, 448.
Bill taxing America passed, iii. 73; stamp-act debated and passed, 97- 104; petitions to both houses by the American congress, 154, 155; meet- ing of (December 1765), 167; debate in the lords, tone of, 167-169; violent in the commons, 169, 170; the royal speech to, tells of trouble (1766), 174;
debate in the commons, 175; Pitt's great speech, 175-178; remarks of Conway, 178; Grenville's abuse of America, 178-180; Pitt's reply, 180– 184; debate in house of lords, 188- 194; in house of commons, 194– 196; affirms the right to tax Amer- ica, 196, 197; the modern tory par ty, 196, 197; the ministry defeat- ed on the stamp-act enforcement, 200; stamp-act repealed, 206, 207; insists on supremacy over the colonies, 208; debate, repeal carried, 210; op- position to ministerial course as to America, 253; determines on an Amer- ican army and revenue, 256, 257.
The last parliament to legislate for America meets (1768), iii. 286; Grenville advocates reform, 316; Burke jeers at it, 316; in session, 322; feeling of, toward the colonics, 322, 323; rejects American petitions, 324; resolves to enforce its authori- ty, 326; debate in the commons, 331- 335; refuses to repeal the revenue act, 345; debate in, 364, 265; at- tempts to conciliate America, 385, 386; Boston port bill in house of lords, 475; bill to take away char- ter from Massachusetts, effect of, 477; this, with four other penal bills, carried, 477-481; infatuation of, iv. 5; two acts of, against Massachusetts, 11; dissolution of, 67; venality of (1774), 90, 91; opinions of lords and commons, 92; the ministry confident, 93; commerce to be interdicted, 99; debate in the lords, 104, 105; minis- terial victory in, 105; unrelenting, 114; declares Massachusetts in rebel- lion, 117; debate in the commons, 118, 119; debate in the lords, 119, 120; joint address of, 120; New Eng- land to be excluded from the fisheries, 126, 132; concessions to the French, 126; dislikes Lord North's plan, 128; prohibits fisheries of New England and restricts trade of southern colo- nies, 261; in session (October 1775), 281; debates in commons on the ad- dress to the king, 282, 283; votes to crush the rebellion, 282, 283; in the lords the vote equally strong, 283, 284; weak ministry at date, 286.
Prohibits trade and confiscates all American ships (1776), iv. 337; sends British commissioners to America, in- structions of, 341; debates, 342; de- bate in the commons on treaties with Brunswick and Hesse, 356, 357; de- bate in the lords, 357; in session, v.
53-56; how supreme power obtained, 262; change in votes, 282; growing discontent in, with the war against the United States, 496; urges giving up the war, 524; movement and de- bate on discontinuing the war, 530, 531; action on making peace with the United States, 548, 549; debate in, on the treaty of peace, vi. 39-42; de- bate in the lords, 47, 48. Parris, Samuel, minister of Danvers, Massachusetts, ii. 58, 59; active in the witchcraft delusion, 61-63; driven out of the town, 66.
Parry, Lieutenant-Colonel, killed on Long Island, v. 32. Parsons, S. H., and others, of Connecti- cut, plan for taking Ticonderoga, iv. 181, 182; brigadier-general, in battle, v. 30; his brigade runs away, 44, 45; travels in the West, vi. 283. Partridge, agent of New York mer- chants, ii. 244.
Paterson, William, of New Jersey, in the federal convention, vi. 214; leads resistance against the larger states, 232; pleads for equality of states in one supreme council, 234; a strong federalist, 269; on the ratification of the constitution, 273.
Paulding, John, one of André's captors,
v. 433, 434; congress votes an annu- ity to, 438.
Paulet, Earl, in parliament, on question of taxing America, iii. 194. Pauw, M., buys Staten Island, New York, i. 498.
Pavonia, New Jersey, Pauw's colony, i. 498, 499.
Pawtucket. See Penacook. Paxton, Charles, marshal of admiralty
court, Boston, sent to England, iii. 231; aids Townshend's schemes, 238. Payson, minister of Chelsea, Massachu- setts, and his exploit, iv. 164. Peirce, William, of Salem, Massachu- setts (1630), i. 236.
Pelham, Henry, prime minister (1742),
ii. 295; administration of, 295-388; death of, 408.
Pelham, Thomas Hollis. See Newcastle. Peltrie, Madame de la, ii. 140. Pemaquid, destroyed by the Indians, ii. 179.
Penacook, Indians, ii. 91; onslaught of, 178, 179. Pendleton, Edmund, on the stamp-act, iii. 199; at the head of Virginia com- mittee of safety, iv. 255; president of the Virginia convention, 414; president of the state convention of VOL. VI.-35
Virginia (1788), vi. 426; vigorously supports the federal constitution, 427-435.
Penn, John, succeeds Caswell in con- gress, iv. 260.
Penn, Richard, takes second petition to the king of England, iv. 239; arrives in England in August, 269, 270; shabby treatment of, by the ministry, 270; at the bar of the house, 284. Penn, Thomas, with Richard, proprie- tary of counties on the Delaware, ii. 397; views of (1754), 411; agent for Pennsylvania, iii. 70; interview with Grenville, opposes taxing the colo- nies, 70, 71.
Penn, William, buys East New Jersey, i. 551; letter to the people of Penn- sylvania, 553, 554; sails for America, 556; carly life and position, 556-558; in the Tower, 558; tried and acquitted, 558; in Newgate, 558; travels on the continent, 560; contrast with John Locke, 561; organizes his government, 563, 564; disputes with Lord Balti- more, 564, 565; treaties with the In- dians, 567, 568; returns to England, farewell letter, 569, 570; work at home, 571, 572; political sentiments of, 596, 597; message to the people, ii. 24; arrested and cleared, 27, 28; goes to Pennsylvania, 28; troubles of, 30; returns to England, 30; plan of, for union of the colonies, 74, 75. Pennsylvania, charter of, i. 552, 553; Markham, Penn's agent, 54; no monopolies, 554; free-traders, 555; Philadelphia laid out, 565; first leg- islation and constitution, 565, 566; witchcraft trials in, 568; growth of, 568, 569; boundary with Maryland, 570; legislation, 571, 572; slavery in, 572, 573; after the revolution of 1688, ii. 24-31; the schism of Keith in, 25; Fletcher, royal governor of, 25, 26; democracy in, 28; new con- stitution, disputes, progress, 29-31; evades the call for quotas, 77, 78; feeling in, as to prohibition of manu- factures, 257; volunteer militia of, 304, 305; condition of (1754), 397, 398; affairs in, 445; schemes against, 446; condition of (1757), 460, 461; strife of, with the proprietarics and board of trade, 529, 530; reproved for disobedience, 557.
Spirit of the assembly of, iii. 91; favors a congress, 146; approves course of Virginia, 348; elects dele- gates to the continental congress (1774), iv. 28; course of, 109, 110;
« ZurückWeiter » |