to Maurepas and Vergennes auguries
of success, 515; share in the decisive
victory at Yorktown, 523; ever faith-
ful to America, vi. 32; visits the
United States again, 127.
La Galissonière, governor-general of
Canada, ii. 337; goes to France, 346;
advice of, 361.
La Jonquière, governor-general of Cana-
da, ii. 316, 347; movements of, 358,
Lallemand, a Jesuit missionary, mar-
tyred, ii. 145, 146.
La Loutre, missionary in Nova Scotia, ii.
314; stirs up the Indians against the
English, 346; burns a church, 358.
Lamb, John, captain of artillery, iv.
295; collector of New York custom-
house, vi. 454.
Lamberville, missionary among the Iro-
quois, i. 589.
Lancaster, Massachusetts, Indian massa-
cre at, i. 391, 392.
Lancaster, Pennsylvania, treaty with the
Six Nations at, ii. 303.
Landgraves, in Carolina, i. 418, 419.
Land-tax and poll-tax, urged by Din-
wid lie for the Old Dominion, ii. 443.
Lane, Ralch, goes out as governor of
Raleigh's colony, i. 71; explorations
and views of, 72-74; returns to Eng-
land, 75.
Langdon, Jolin, of New Hampshire, iii.
293; supports the new federal consti-
tution, vi. 400, 409; elected president
of the senate in the first federal con-
gress (1789), 467.
Lansing, appointed delegate by New
York to the federal convention, vi.
200, 232, 242, 243; leaves the con-
vention, 259, 260; in the state con-
vention opposes the constitution, 456,
458-460.
La Roche, Marquis de, attempts coloni-
zation, i. 18.
La Salle, R. C. de, carly career, ii. 159,
160; employed by Frontenac, 160;
returns to France, and obtains a royal
grant, 161; further grant, 162; in
Niagara river and on the lakes, 163;
embarrassments, 165; descends the
Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico,
167; takes possession of the country
for France, 168; goes again to France,
168, 169; proposition of, to conquer
and colonize accepted, 169; misses
the mouth of the Mississippi, 171;
occupies Texas, 172; excursions by,
172, 173; starts for Canada, 173;
murdered by Duhaut, 174; character
and merits of, 174.
Las Casas, suggests using negro slaves
in Hispaniola (1517), i. 124.
Laud, archbishop of Canterbury, head
of commission for regulating the
American colonies (1634), i. 274;
course pursued, 274, 275.
Laudonnière, leads colony to Florida, i.
52; sad fate of the colony, 52-56.
Laurens, Henry, of South Carolina, ii.
550; president of the provincial con-
gress (1775), iv. 180; reluctant to
proclaim independence, 393; vice-
president of South Carolina under
its new constitution, 395; letter sent
to, in disparagement of Washington,
how treated, v. 215; resigns presi
dency of congress, 293; favors enlist-
ing the slaves, 370; prisoner in Eng.
land, 527; goes to the Hague, 536;
in Paris with the commissioners for
peace, 578, 579; has clause inserted
in convention as to "negroes and
other property," 579, 580.
Laurens, John, the younger, son of
Henry, aid and interpreter to Count
D'Estaing, v. 285; wishes to enlist
slaves, 369, 370; sent to France to
beg help, 452; mortally wounded at
Combahee ferry, 556.
Lauzun, Duke de, defcats Tarleton's
legion, v. 519.
Law, John, and the Mississippi Com-
pany, ii. 227; grand credit scheme,
227, 228; Law's bank becomes the
Bank of France, 229; wild extrava-
gance and recklessness, 229–231;
downfall of, 231.
Lawrence, lieutenant-governor of Nova
Scotia, ii. 419.
Lawrence of New York, debates on pro-
tection in the first federal congress
(1789), vi. 468.
Lawson, surveyor-general of North Caro-
lina, ii. 203; death of, 204.
"League and Covenant," in Boston, iv.
21; suspends all trade with England,
21, 22; subscribers to, in Plymouth,
26.
Learned, General, v. 184, 188.
Leddra, W., a Quaker, hanged, i. 315.
Ledyard, Colonel, murdered by Brom-
field, a British officer, at Fort Gris-
wold, Connecticut, v. 507.
Lee, Arthur, with R. Penn, in London,
iv. 270, 271; interview with Beau-
marchais, 361; ordered to get the
views of foreign powers as to Ameri-
ca, 362; receives promise of help in
money from France, 371; one of the
commissioners to France, v. 50; min-
ister to Spain, meets Grimaldi, 136,
137; visits Frederic of Prussia, 239,
240; papers of, stolen, 240; tries to
supplant Franklin, 252; in congress,
debate on the revenue question, vi.
64; opposes Madison, 69.
Lee, Charles, comes to America, iv. 48;
elected by congress major-general,
232; unprincipled in character, 233,
234; attempts negotiation with Bur-
goyne, 241; in New York, conceited,
overbearing, etc, 383, 384; appointed
to command troops in the South, 385;
at Charleston, tries to interfere, to no
good, 399, 400; petulant, wishes Fort
Moultrie evacuated, refuses Moultrie
powder, etc., 400-407; praises the
victors after the battle, 410; extorts
money, v. 61; on a border expedi-
tion, 61, 62; returns to the North,
62; expected in camp, 66; character
and views, 66, 67; wishes to nego-
tiate with Howe, 68; orders from
Washington, how received, 76; rc-
fuses to obey Washington's orders,
81-84; eager to displace the com-
mander-in-chief, 84-86; foolhardy,
taken prisoner, 85, 87; letters to
Rush, Morris, etc., 145; treason of,
146; Yorke's opinion of, 146; ex-
changed, 146, 155; second in com-
mand, disobedient and treacherous,
274-276; court-martialed, found
guilty, censured by congress (1780),
277, 278; death of, in disgrace, 278.
Lee, Francis, delegate to congress, iv.
Lce, Major II., takes Paulus Hook (Jer.
sey City), v. 331, 332; ordered to the
South, 383; colonel of cavalry legion,
477, 478; defeats the Tories, 491; at
battle of Guilford Court-House, 492,
493; at the taking of Augusta, Geor-
gia, 500; in congress, favors the new
constitution, vi. 373; in Virginia state
convention, supports the constitution,
436.
Lce, R. II., of Virginia, speech against
slavery, 549, 550; on the course of
England toward America, iii. 76; in
Virginia legislature, 437; eloquence
of, iv. 35; supports P. Henry's meas-
ures, 145; delegate to congress, 190;
proposes to raise troops for Carolina,
v. 384; wishes Washington to be
made dictator, 507; divides Virginia
in favor of state sovereignty, vi. 34,
35; course in Virginia legislature, and
letter of, 95, 96; letter to Madison,
124; opposes the navigation act, 144,
145; in congress (1787), 281, 286; on
the committee of seven, 287; prc-
pares clause on contracts, 238; in
congress, opposes the new constitu-
tion, 371; offers amendments, 372;
supported by New York, 373; persist-
ence in opposition, 374, 375, 383, 423,
425; through Patrick Henry's schem-
ing chosen United States senator,
466; wishes to use for Washington
title of "Highness," 471.
Lee, William, commissioner to Germany
and Prussia, v. 337; how received by
Frederic of Prussia, 337.
Leet, William, deputy governor of Con-
necticut, i. 574.
Lect-men, or tenants, under constitution
for Carolina, i. 418.
Legge, William. See Dartmouth.
Legislators, hereditary, proposed and re-
jected in Massachusetts, 259.
Leibnitz, predicted revolution, iv. 372.
Leisler, Jacob, concern of, in the
Dutch plot," in New York, i. 601; as-
suines powers of government, ii. 34,
35; career of, and result, 35, 36; ar-
rested, tried, and harged, 36, 37; at-
tainder reversed by parliament, 37,
38.
Leitch, Major, mortally wounded, v. 47.
Le Moyne, James, a painter, i. 53.
Lemprière, Captain, iv. 402.
Lenni-Lenape, in New Jersey, etc., two
divisions, the Minsi and the Dela-
wares, ii. 91.
Leon, De. See Ponce de Leon.
Leonard, Daniel, recommends submis-
sion of Massachusetts to England, iv.
123.
Leslie, British commander, rebuked by
Howe, v. 46, 47.
Lessing, German philosopher, v. 231.
Le Sueur, ii. 190; defeats the Natchez
Indians, 233, 284.
Leverett. agent of Massachusetts in
England, i. 368.
Levi, French general, ii. 489, 501; at
Montreal, 508; besicges Quebec, 522;
failure of, 522, 523.
Lewis, Andrew, in fight with the Shaw-
nees, acts discreditably, iv. 87; ap-
pointed brigadier-general from Vir-
ginia, but forced to resign, 336
Lewis, Charles, death in battle, iv. 87.
Lexington, Kentucky, origin of the name,
iv. 168.
Lexington, Massachusetts, militia and
alarm- men turn out at midnight
(April, 1775), iv. 154; attack on, by
British troops, 155; martyrs of, 156;
their glorious memory, 156, 157.
Liberty of the press. See Press, and
Printing.
Lincoln, General B., with the northern
army (1777), v. 182; in command of
the right wing, 186, 187; character
of, etc., goes to the South, 367; in-
ferior number of troops, part lost
under Ashe, 368, 369; at Sheldon in
the summer, 371; goes to Charles-
ton, 374; fails to defend the city, and
capitulates, 376, 377; minister of war,
vi. 25; in Massachusetts state con-
vention on federal constitution, 396.
Linen and woollen manufacture attempt-
ed in Maryland, ii. 22. See Manufac-
Linzce, captain of the Falcon, beaten
by the Gloucester men, iv. 249, 50.
Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey, British
raid on, v. 288.
Livingston, James, and Canadians, take
Chambly, iv. 296.
Livingston, Philip, in general assembly
of New York, iii. 343; house of, on
Brooklyn Heights, v. 26.
Livingston, R. R., on taxes, iii. 78;
Colden urges removal of, 93; in con-
gress, 150; true patriot to death, iv.
292.
Livingston, R. R., the younger, delegate
to the second continental congress, iv.
190; patriotic, 292; opposes declara-
tion of independence, 423; in con-
gress, v. 285; in charge of foreign
affairs, 508; active statesmanship as
to boundaries, fisheries, etc., 525,
526; minister of foreign affairs, vi.
Livingston, William, of New Jersey,
delegate to first continental congress,
iv. 33; sympathy with Washington, v.
83; governor of New Jersey, pardons
disloyalty, 280, 281; on freeing the
negroes, 411; urges public faith and
honor (1783), vi. 170, 171; in the
federal convention, 320, 359.
Livingston, William, of New York, patri-
otic views of, iii. 283; chancellor of
New York, views of, on evils of paper
money, vi. 170.
Livingston family, the, its principles, ii.
528; position of, in New York, iv. 30.
Lloyd, David, speaker of Pennsylvania
assembly, ii. 27.
Lloyd, Thomas, president of council in
Pennsylvania, ii. 24.
Locke, John, character and ability of, i.
415, 416; his "grand model" of gov-
ernment, 417-420; a landgrave of
Carolina, 430; his "model" doomed,
ii. 10; one of the commissioners for
trade and plantations, 73, 74; quoted
by Otis (1762), 560.
Logan, James, secretary of Pennsylva-
nia, ii. 225, 246; views of, on public
dangers, 257; on Benjamin Frank-
lin, 259, 260; on emigration, 265, 266.
Logan, a Cayuga chief, and his revenge,
London, city of, intercedes for Boston,
iv. 149; the king's answer to, 149;
news of Lexington and Concord, how
received in, 185, 186; address of, to
the king, 188; is thanked by congress
(1775) for its sympathy, 238.
London company, sends out the first
colony of Virginia, i. 85; anxious for
gains, 95; great meeting of, 114;
aids in establishing liberty in Ameri-
ca, 118; King James's course toward,
129, 130; patents cancelled, 133.
Long Island, New York, towns on,
planted by New Haven, i. 272; given
up to New York, 523; retreat from
(1776), by Americans, v. 24, 38.
Long Parliament, the, asserts its su-
premacy, i. 143; atrocious ordinance,
death for heresy, 169, 170; order of,
in Gorton's case, 305; appeal to, by
Massachusetts, and answer, 307, 808;
becomes a tyranny, 328; cjected by
the Independents, 332.
Lotteries, in aid of the London company,
Lottery, set on foot by congress (1776),
v. 290.
Loudoun, earl of, commander-in-chief of
troops in America (1756), ii. 447; gov-
ernor of Virginia, 447; to force mili-
tary rule, 447; meanly billets his offi-
cers in New York and Philadelphia,
454; letter of, to Pitt, 460; wastes
the summer at Halifax, 462; cowardly
conduct of, 468; recalled, 482.
Louis XIV., king of France, shrewd ad-
vice of, as to governing colonies, i.
407; tyranny and cruelty of, to the
Huguenots, 432; by treachery makes
galley slaves of Iroquois warriors,
ii. 176; absolute king, 177; death of,
Louis XV., king of France, ii. 440, 441;
in harmony with George III. (1772),
iii. 417, 418; death of, iv. 37.
Louis XVI., king of France, iv. 37;
character of, 37, 38; watches the
progress of the American revolution,
190; fears attack from England,
hence led to favor Americans, 360;
unstable, 369; with king of Spain,
promises money to the Americans
($2,000,000), 371; resolves on alliance
with the United States, v. 20, 21;
dislikes matters in America, 131, 132;
urged to lower English pride and
power, 242; announces to England
treaty with the United States, 248,
249; receives the American commis-
sioners, 250; not pleased or satisfied,
250, 251; frees the crown serfs, 404;
receives news of the victory at York-
town, 523; invites Washington to
visit France, vi. 177.
Louisburg, fortress at, key of the St.
Lawrence, ii. 305; New England re-
solves to conquer, 305; expedition
against, 305, 306; strength of the
place, 307; siege of, 308; surrender
of the French, 309; siege and capture
of (1758), by the English under Wolfe,
485.
Louisiana, expedition to, by Iberville, ii.
187; possession of, taken, 188; slow
progress of, 190, 191; boundary of,
224; granted to Crozat, 225, 226;
Cadillac, governor of, 226; John Law
and the Mississippi Company, 227-
232; condition of, in 1740, 237; given
up by Spain to France (1764), iii. 75;
affairs in New Orleans, 316; Spanish
government expelled, 316-818; con-
dition of affairs, 352; landing of
O'Reilly and army, 353; arrests of
the French, 353; trials and execu-
tions, 354; population of New Or-
leans and Mississippi valley, $54.
Loughborough, Lord. See Wedder-
Lovelace, Lord, succeeds Nicolls in New
York, i. 524; course of, as governor
of New York, ii. 43, 44.
Lovell of Massachusetts, and Gates, v.
149; letter to Gates, abusing Wash-
ington, 211.
Lovett, Christopher, i. 217.
Lovewell, John, Indian fighter, ii. 220.
Low, Isaac, iv. 10; nominated for con-
gress, 31.
Lowndes, R., of South Carolina, treat-
ment of, iii. 403; president of South
Carolina, v. 288; superseded by Rut-
ledge, 368; submits to Cornwallis,
393; debate in South Carolina assem-
bly, 415; bitterly opposes the federal
constitution, favors a southern con-
federacy, etc., 415-419.
Loyalists, or tories, expectations of, iv.
123, 124; in Boston, mean behavior
of, 172; in North Carolina, v. 491;
in South Carolina, 502; question of
indemnity and compensation for,
Franklin opposed, 570; Jay and
Adams agree to validity of debts con-
tracted before the war, 574, 575;
final arrangement, 578, 579; forced
VOL. VI.-34
emigration of, vi. 101; compensated
by parliament, 101.
Ludwell, Philip, in South Carolina, ii.
Luther, Martin, influence and tenets of,
i. 177, 178, 181, 199, 607; ii. 403,
404.
Luttrell, H. T., praises the Americans,
iv. 129.
Luzerne, on reforming the articles of
confederation, v. 508; letters to, from
Vergeunes, explaining his policy for
America, 572, 577; reports to Ver-
gennes, vi. 20.
Lygonia, in Maine, i. 220, 221; united
to Massachusetts, 299, 300.
Lyman, Phinehas, general of New Eng-
land troops, ii. 435; bravery of, 437,
438.
Lynch, Thomas, in congress at New
York, iii. 149, 154; on property in
slaves, v. 12.
Lyttelton, Sir George, in parliament, ii.
409; chancellor of the exchequer,
417; favors taxing America, iii. 188;
protests against repeal of stamp-act,
210, 211.
Lyttelton, Richard, governor of South
Carolina, rouses the enmity of the
Cherokees, ii. 513, 514; duplicity and
perfidy of, 515, 517; praised by the
board of trade, 518; transferred to
Jamaica, 518; in parliament, re-
proaches Lord Chatham, iv. 105; on
the negroes and their uses in South
Carolina, 282.
McCall and his Georgians, with Morgan,
v. 480.
McClary, Andrew, killed at battle of
Bunker Hill, iv. 230.
Maccrea, Jane, murder of, v. 164.
McCulloh, in North Carolina, iii. 51.
Macdaniel, killed at Fort Moultrie, iv.
406, 407.
Macdonald, Donald, and Highlanders, iv.
386, 387.
Macdonald, Flora, iv. 386.
Macdonell, and the savages on the Sus-
quehannah, v. 332.
Macdougall, "Son of Liberty," in New
York, iii. 370; moves for association
for aid and defence, iv. 176, 177;
superintends embarkation of troops
from Brooklyn, v. 36, 37; in battle
at Chatterton Hill, 74; Washington's
letter to, 102; at Germantown, 193,
194; on the committee from the army
to congress, vi. 59, 61.
Macdowell, with the North Carolina
militia, v. 396, 397.
Mellenry, in the federal convention, vi.
306; answers Luther Martin before
the Maryland assembly, 410.
Machias, Maine, vessels scized by the
people of (1775), iv. 184.
Mackean, in Philadelphia, iv. 422;
president of Pennsylvania conference,
432, 433; in the state convention,
supports the federal constitution, vi.
382, 388, 390.
Mackinaw, a mission station and centre
of fur-trade of Lower Canada, ii. 163;
loss of fort at, in Pontiac's war, iii.
45; massacre by the Indians, 45.
Maclaine, A., in North Carolina state
convention on the federal constitu-
tion, vi. 461.
Maclelland, sufferings and death of, in
Canada expedition, iv. 300.
Macleod, Donald, and the Highlanders,
iv. 387; death of, 389, 390.
Macpherson, death of, at assault on
Quebec, iv. 308.
Madison, James, ii. 395; iv. 180; in
the Virginia convention, 415; amend-
ment on religious freedom offered by,
and adopted, 417; course in congress,
v. 453, 455; report to congress on
coercive powers, 457; on collecting
revenue, 508; course of, on the reve-
nue question, vi. 63-65; plan for
revenue (1783), 79; retires from con-
gress by rule of rotation, 105; urges
national measures, 121, 122; letter
to R. H. Lee, 124; opposes support
of religion by the state, 156, 157; on
the evils of paper money, 174-176;
wise course of, 183, 185; author of
the declaratory preamble of the Vir-
ginia legislature, 197, 198; chosen
delegate to the federal convention,
198; prepares outline of federal con-
stitution, 202; principles of, 202,
203; in the convention, 208, 216 -
218, 220, 222; on term of senators,
245; opposes Ellsworth, 251, 252;
on the committee's report, 256; on
standard of representation, 265; cla-
borate speech in convention, 268;
on national and state legislation, 271;
jurisdiction of federal courts, 272;
on distribution of representatives,
294, 295; on qualifications of mem-
bers of congress, 295; on property
qualification, 298; decides question
against paper money, 303; on inter-
ference with contracts, 305, 306;
propositions offered, 312; views on
election of president,time of office,
etc., 328-330; on treaty power, im-
peachment, etc, 345, 346; desires
judiciary to have veto power, 348; on
establishing a university, 361; on the
pardoning power, 362; on amend-
ments, 363; approves Massachusetts
policy, 406; convention called on the
federal constitution (1787), 410; meets
(1788), 411; conduct of enemies and
friends of federal government, 412;
constitution ratified without amend-
ments proposed, 413; no disposition
toward a separate confederacy, 413;
in the state convention earnestly and
vigorously supports the federal con-
stitution, 426-436; letter to Hamil
ton on conditional ratification of the
constitution, 459; elected to the house
of representatives, 467; forebodings,
468; speech on protection, 468, 469.
Magaw, Colonel, with Washington, v.
37; in command at Fort Washington,
75, 76; summoned to surrender, 77;
battle on the heights, 78; Hessians
advance, Americans beaten, surren-
ders, 79, 80.
Maine, carly French attempts in, i. 19;
visited by Pring and Waymouth, 81,
82; Argall's attack on Mount Desert
Isle, 105, 106; patent for Laconia,
217; Gorges invites the Scotch to colo-
nize in, 218, 219; united with Massa-
chusetts, 300; Indian war in, 304;
purchased by Massachusetts, 397;
given up by Massachusetts, 404;
French and Indian warfare in, ii. 182,
183; maritime enterprise of, 221;
joins Massachusetts in ratifying the
federal constitution, vi. 405, 406;
encroachments of England upon, 463.
Malcolm, Daniel, a Boston patriot, iii.
231; arrested, 315.
Malesherbes and Louis XV., iii. 417,
418; exiled, 418; under Louis XVI.
in the department of Paris and the
police, iv. 41; in favor of a peace
policy, 364; retires, 369; appreciates
Franklin, v. 252.
Mambré, Z., missionary among the In-
dians, ii. 99.
Mandamus councillors, in Massachusetts,
appointed by the king, iv. 20; give
way and resign, 49, 56.
Manhattan Island (New York), purchased
from the Indians, i. 495, 496; popu-
lation of (1628), 496; progress of set-
tlement under Stuyvesant, 511. See
New Netherland and New York.
Manigault, Judith, a Huguenot, sad ex-
periences of, in Carolina, i. 433; no-
ble conduct of her son, 434.
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