A.

ADENAKIS, Indians in Maine, missions
among, i. 20; share in King Philip's
war, 394; ask for missionaries, ii.
144; village of, on the Penobscot,
178; war with, in Massachusetts, 195,
196; claim territory, 217; in battle
against the English, 437.
Abercrombie, General James, second in
command to Loudoun, ii. 451; delays
at Albany, 451; commander-in-chief,
486; defeated, and cowardly retreats,
490; goes back to England and abuses
Americans, 492.

Abercrombie, James, British officer,
mortally wounded at Breed's Hill, iv.
232.

Abingdon, earl of, on war in America,
v. 144.

Abolition societies in the North, vi. 261.
Aborigines. See Red Men.

to

Acadia, extent of, in De Monts' char-
ter, i. 19; limits undefined, 220;
captured by English, restored
France, 220; taken by English fleet,
ii. 199; surrendered to England by
treaty of Utrecht, 217, 305; claim of
France as to boundaries, 336, 337;
claims of the French in, 344; cruel
course of English toward, 344-346;
boundary disputes again, 360, 361;
people refuse to fight against the
French, 425, 426; neutrals and disaf-
fected, 426, 427; disarmed by the
English, 427, 428; Fort Beau Séjour
taken, 428; removal of Acadians
projected, 429; mean and cruel treat-
ment, 430, 431; Governor Belcher

approves, 431; some seven thousand
driven on board ship, 432, 433; suf-
ferings and fate, 433, 434; opinion
of Edmund Burke on this outrage,
434.

Accault, Michael, with Hennepin, ii. 164,

165.

Accomacs, southern Indians, ii. 91.
Acton, Massachusetts. See Concord.
Act of navigation, in federal conven-

tion, vi. 319, 320; complaint as to, in
Virginia state convention, 434.
Acts of navigation, first (1651), i. 145,
352; provisions of act of parliament
under Charles II., 352, 353; effect on
trade and commerce of the colonies,
353, 354; an evil and intolerable
wrong, 355, 402; disregarded in
Massachusetts, 395, 396; oppressive
in Carolina, 424, 425; in Virginia,
446, 447; in New Jersey, 581; en-
forced (1763), iii. 35; urged by Gren-
ville, 59-62; army and navy to assist
officers to enforce them, 61, 62;
Burke's view of, 212; hateful to the
colonies, 249; in continental congress
(1774), iv. 69; modifications of, vi.
42, 45; high value set on, 51.
Acts of trade, character of, ii. 40, 44-
46; resisted in Boston, 546.
Adair, James, speech in parliament, iv.
282.

Adams, Abigail, wife of John Adams,
iv. 67, 271, 272.
Adams, Hannah, wife of Deacon Adams,
iv. 165.

Adams, John, at Worcester, Massachu-

setts, speculations as to the future, ii.
439, 440; excited by Otis, 548; opin-

ions (1765), iii. 95; appeal for right
and liberty, 143-145; on Samuel
Adams, 157, 158; argument on nulli-
ty of stamp-act, 171; opinion of W.
Pitt as to his essay, 186; prepares in-
structions for agents, 291, 292; re-
fuses service of the king, 341; serves
on the trial of Preston, 390; almost
gives up, 404.

In Boston town-meeting (1774), iv.
24; his wife's spirit, 67; compromise
as to acts of navigation, 69; reply to
Leonard's menaces (1775), 124-126;
delegate to congress, 190; on Wash-
ington's appointment as general, 212;
letters on establishing government,
245; intercepted letters, 261; his
wife's brave letter and judgment,
271, 272; at home, 315; in congress,
332; character, principles, courage,
ability, etc., 332-335; on army en-
listments, 336; motion on the colo-
nies adopting governments, 342, 343;
argument for republican government,
legislatures in two houses, etc., 344,
345; urges education, 346; praises
Charles Lee, 385; seconds R. H. Lee's
resolutions for independence, 423;
defends the resolutions, 424; on the
committee for declaration of inde-
pendence, 425; head of board of war,
425; thoughts on the crisis at hand,
435; speech for independence, 487;
enthusiastic, 441, 442.

On the articles of confederation
(1776), v. 12, 13; favors having a
regular army, 25; on Sullivan, 40 ;
one of committee to meet Lord
Howe, 41, 43; unable to see true
position of army matters, 68, 69; good
courage, 89; undervalues Washing-
ton, 109, 110; foolish boasting, 175;
bitterly blames Washington, 180, 181;
spleen toward Washington, 197; sent
to France to succeed Deane, 218; ap-
pointed minister to negotiate peace
(1779), 326, 327; on congress as a
single assembly, 446; sole negotiator
of peace at Paris, 463; trouble with
Vergennes, 464, 465; appointed min-
ister to the Netherlands, 527; active
and energetic, received as minister,
527, 528; joins commissioners for
peace in Paris, 574; views and course,
574, 575; on the right to the fisheries,
579; signs the treaty, 580; approves
Washington's advice, vi. 94; financial
efforts in Holland, 120; letter to Bow-
doin, 141; minister to England, meets
King George, 148; interview with
William Pitt, 149, 150; suggests re-

taliation, 150; opinions on the new
federal constitution, 408; returns
home (1788), 464; opinion of Jeffer-
son respecting, 464; elected vice-
president of the United States, 468.
Adams, Samuel, early political opinions,
ii. 252, 253; at Boston town-meeting
(1764), iii. 76, 77; prepares instruc-
tions for agents in Englaud, 78, 79;
elected to Massachusetts assembly,
147; reply to Bernard as to power of
parliament, 156, 157; character of,
157, 158; clerk of assembly, 217; on
Bernard, 219; forethought, 235; on
the billeting act, 236; manly course,
288; letter to Hillsborough, 292, 293;
strong for independence, 306, 307; on
English menace to liberty, 823; fear-
less, 330; evidence as to treason, 332;
on grievances, 341, strong words, 360,
861; on Hutchinson's course, 868,
369; head of committee of citizens to
Hutchinson, 376; overawes Hutchin-
son after the massacre, 377; protest
against prerogative, 404; plans corre-
spondence and union, 406; writes of
a "last appeal," 406, 407; urges a
committee of correspondence, 418,
419; motion to appoint committee of
twenty-one, 420; report of committee,
422, 423; plans for union, 430; pre-
pares answer to Hutchinson, 432, 433;
prepares to resist importation of tea,
443; letter to Hawley, 444, 445; urges
an American congress, 445; drafts the
ultimatum of America, 469; position
of, to be punished, 476.

In Boston town-meeting (1774), iv.
6,7; on Dickinson's plan for delay,
14; endurance, 21; delegate to con-
tinental congress, 23; in town-mect-
ing, 25, 26; influence in congress, 66;
advice as to war, 77; views, 122; on
spirit of the colonists, 182; at the
commemoration of the Boston mas-
sacre, 183, 184; at Lexington, and
prophecy, 157; delegate to congress,
190; Hawley's advice to, 272; de-
nounces King George as a tyrant, 316;
labors for declaration of independ
ence, 316; opposes Wilson's motion,
316; on army enlistments, 336; scouts
waiting for English commissioners,
$40; on suppressing authority of the
crown, 343; on Ilowe's mission, v. 7,
8; brave spirit, 88; votes for "pro-
tection" from Louis XVI., 293; hopes
to add Canada, etc., to United States,
296; approves Washington's advice,
vi. 93, 94; wishes for a strong gov
ernment, 130; letter to, from R. II. Lee

against the federal constitution, 375;
in Massachusetts state convention
(1783), gives efficient support to the
constitution, 397, 393, 402, 404.
"Address of the People of Great Britain
to the Inhabitants of America," Sir
John Dalrymple's pamphlet, iv. 150.
Admiralty courts, English, in the colo-
nies, ii. 80; hated by the people, 549,
553; iii. 147, 153, 205.
Admiralty or prize courts, instituted by
Massachusetts, iv. 272.

African slavery. See Slavery and Slave-
Trade.

Aguesscau, chancellor of France, ii. 231.
Aguillon, duchess of, endows a hospital,

ii. 140.

Aix-la-Chapelle, congress of, ii. 311, 312.
Alabama, De Soto enters, i. 42; first
settlement in, ii. 191.

Alarcon, Pedro de, discovers the Colora-

do river, i. 32; explorations of, 32, 33.
Alatamaha river, in Georgia, ii. 280, 281,
290.

Albania, a name of East New Jerscy, i.
521.

Albany, New York, i. 490; founded (Fort
Orange), 495; surrenders to the Eng-
lish, 520; congress at (1748), ii. 333-
336; treaties made with the Six Na-
tions, 335; memorial as to raising
fund for defence, 336; Indian council
at, 358, 369; congress of colonial
commissioners (1754), 385; result,
386, 387; soldiers billeted at, 452.
Albemarle Colony, i. 420. See Carolina.
Albemarle county, Virginia, iv. 51.
Albemarle, duke of. Sce Monk.
Alexander, James, in New York, ii. 254;
proposes grand council of American
deputies, 383.

Alexander, Sir William, attempts settle-
ments in Nova Scotia, i. 218, 219;
sells titles of nobility, 219.
Alexander, William, earl of Stirling.
See Stirling.

Alexandria, Virginia, congress of gov-
ernors at, recommends taxation by
parliament, ii. 416, 417; good wishes
of the people for Washington on his
leaving for New York (1789), vi. 470.
Alfieri, words of cheer to Washington,
vi 469.

Algonkin language, tribes speaking, ii.
90-93. See Red Men.

Allen, Andrew, and brothers, go over to
Howe, v. 83, 84.

Allen, Ethan, promises a regiment of
Green Mountain Boys (1775), iv. 143;
in command of the same, 182; crosses
Lake Champlain, 182; takes Ticon-

deroga, 183; attempt on Montreal
fails, 295; sent in chains to England,
295.

Allen, Samuel, of London, purchases
claim in New Hampshire, ii. 56.
Alloüez, Claude, one of Jesuit mission-
aries on Lake Superior, ii. 150-152;
with Marquette, 152, 153.
America, first English settlement in, i.
75; population of the twelve oldest
states (1688), 602; new English na-
tion in, 612, 613; spirit of the people,
ii. 70, 71; white population in British
America, under William III. and Queen
Anne, 78; tendency toward independ-
ence in the colonies, 85; population
under George I., 238; great prosperity
of the colonies, 264, 265; German
emigration large, 265; Anglo-Saxon
emigration, 320; office of America in
human progress, 325.

The thirteen colonies, character of,
ii. 327, rights of, and relation to the
mother country, 328; protest against
parliamentary prerogative, 347, 348;
not to be crushed, 351; further pro-
posals to tax America, 374,375; course
as to contest with the French in Ohio,
381-383; commissioners sent to Al-
bany, New York (1754), 385, 386;
treaty with the Six Nations, 386;
population, whites, negrocs, etc., 389–
391; relations to the home govern-
ment, 891-401; plan of union pro-
posed by Halifax, 411; course of, as
to money, etc., 415; crown officers in
clamor for taxation, 417; rule as to
quartering troops, 447, 448; foreign
officers employed, 448; roused to ac-
tivity by Pitt's offers and measures,
482, 483; aid Pitt against the French,
500; prophecies of independence, 528;
to have a standing army, 564; iii. 33;
loyalty of America, 34; new combina-
tion of trade and taxes (1764), 73;
circular of committee on correspond-
ence, 79; resolved to be free from
taxes by England, 88, 89; petitions
to parliament refused to be received
(1765), 102-104; general opinion as
to submission to stamp-tax, 105, 106;
industry of all kinds restricted, 107,
108; opinions of the people as to
rights and liberties, 116-118; resolve
to resist the stamp-tax, 119; union
in danger, 120; royal governors take
oath to carry out the stamp-act, 158;
non-importation agreement, 159; com-
mittce of intercolonial correspond-
ence, 159; plan for permanent union,
162, 163; all of one mind, 164;

projected, 172; firm in resistance,
207, 208; jɔy at repeal of stamp-
act, 214; further thought, 216; prog-
ress of liberty, 229; disputes and
disturbances, 230-234; conciliation
still possible, 247-249; dislike of the
revenue act, 261, 262; call for union,
262; new taxes in prospect, 263;
commissioners of revcuue call for
troops, 280; temper toward parlia-
ment, the enemy, 281; progress of
opinion, 286, 287; Shelburne's fair-
ness toward, 297; petitions rejected,
324; the agents see Hillsborough to
no purpose, 326; firmness, 340-341;
suspend trade with England, 343;
resolve on non-importation, 248; par-
tial repeal of revenue act promised,
362; take a stand on the tea-duty,
362; non-importation agreements fail
through New York, 386, 387; cry for
union (December 1773), 458; state
of (1774), 469; union in spirit and
purpose, iv. 18; foundation and ex-
tent of rights, 65, 66; self-denial to
avoid war, 76; all Protestant, 81;
firm union (1775), 106; whole conti-
nent alaimed, 167; love for the
mother country, 191, 192, 199; the
"twelve united colonies," 204, 237;
Georgia makes the thirteenth, 244;
Rhode Island and others send out
armed vessels, 249; question at is-
sue with England, 265; résumé of
the points in dispute, 265-269; the
people demand independence, 312,
313; ratify independence, v. 16; need
foreign alliances, 16; a new people
and nation in America, under happy
auspices, vi. 474.

"Americans," as a national name, iii.
150; hopes and expectations as Amer-
icans, v. 281.

Amerigo Vespucci, i. 10.

Ames, Fisher, supports the federal con-

stitution in Massachusetts state con-
vention, vi. 396, 399, 404.
Amherst, Jeffrey, sent to America, ii.
484; commander-in-chief, 492; gov-
ernor of Virginia, 498; reaches Crown
Point, 502; lingers there, 500; fails
to support Wolfe, 506; takes posses-
sion of Canada, 523; sends troops to
South Carolina, 550; offers price for
Pontiac's head, iii. 49; declines com-
mand at Boston, iv. 128; advises great
increase of troops, v. 225; also evacu-
ation of New York, 282; recommends
forty thousand troops for 1778 in
America, 225, 282.

New World, under Raleigh's patent, i.
69; on the coast of Carolina and Vir-
ginia, 69, 70.

Amsterdam, great depot for commerce,
i. 478; steps toward treaty of com-
merce with United States, v. 343, 344;
the result, 345.
Anabaptists, i. 608. Sce Baptists.
Anderson, Captain, at Trenton, v. 96.
Andover, Massachusetts, remonstrates
against the witch prosecutions, ii. 65,
66.

André, Major John, in Philadelphia, v.
217; British adjutant-general, 428;
in correspondence with Benedict Ar-
nold, 428; meets Arnold, 430, 431;
sets off by land for New York, 431;
taken by American scouts, 433, 434;
letter to Washington, 434, 435; tried
and convicted as a spy, 435; suffers
on the gallows, 437.

Andros, Edmund, in New York, i. 574;
attempts on Connecticut resisted,
574, 575; in Massachusetts, as gov.
ernor-general of New England, 584;
oppressive course resisted, 585; in
Rhode Island and Connecticut, 587,
588; arrested and imprisoned, 599,
600; governor-general of Virginia,
ii. 18.

Angel, Colonel, good conduct of, v. 475.
Anhalt Zerbst, prince of, hires out troops
to England, v. 141, 222.
Annapolis, originally Port Royal, in
Nova Scotia, i. 19.
Annapolis, Maryland, founded, i. 169;
seat of government, ii. 21; the brig
Peggy Stewart destroyed with the tea,
iv. 71; convention in (1775), 253;
convention of deputies from the states
(1785, 1786), vi. 185, 195; five states
appear, Dickinson chairman, 195,
196; cautious report, fix time and
place for the federal convention, 196;
state convention meets in (1788), 411.
Anne, queen of England, ii. 78; proc-
lamation as to colonial currency, 83;
Iroquois chiefs visit, 199; share in
the slave-trade, 209.
Anson's expedition and voyage, ii. 295.
Anspach, margrave of, hires troops to
England (1777), v. 140, 141.
Antinomians, in Massachusetts, and
Anne Hutchinson, i. 260.
Appalachec, bay of, ii. 194.
Aranda, Spanish ambassador to France,
v. 128, 129; views as to helping the
United States, 129; counsels war
against England, 138; meets John
Jay in Paris, 670; views as to growth