we are at a loss to conceive how he could contrive to have given to us a copy of this long extemporary prayer. -But if this Captain had accompanied his religion by humanity, good sense, and vigour, he would surely have put a stop to the disgusting, silly, and inhuman and cowardly exhibition detailed in page nine-that of shaving and dipping novices in a manner similar to what is called "crossing the line." We are surprised that any man of principle and feeling could stand by and witness the insolent injustice and brutal aggression, which the crew were allowed in this ceremony to practise upon the ship's steward, because, as

Captain Manby says, "he was inveterately hated by the whole crew." Where mens' religion is confined to prayers and ceremonies, and to an ob servance of the sabbath, it brings great odium on that true religion of Christ, which consists in mercy and justice. Some of Captain Manby's descriptions of the dreadful beauties of the frozen ocean are very happy-and his numerous plates of the fantastic shapes assumed by the frozen atmosphere and waters are worthy of attention. We recommend a perusal of the work as combining much information with very considerable entertainment.

Sketches of Field Sports as followed by the natives of India, with Observations on the Animals, are preparing for publication; also, an Account of many of the Customs of the Inhabitants and Natural Productions, interspersed with various anecdotes. Likewise the late Nawaub Asoph ul Daulah's grand style of Sporting, and Character-A description of Suake Catchers, and their method of curing themselves when bitten; with Remarks on Hydrophobia and Rabid Animals, By Dr. Johnson, Surgeon to the Hon. East India Company, and many years resident at Chittra, in Ramghur.

The Extended and Practical Course of Lectures and Demonstrations on Chemistry, to be delivered in the Labo. ratory of the Royal Institution, by Win. Thos. Brande, F.R.S., will commence on the Second Tuesday in October, at Nine in the morning, and be continued every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. Two Courses are given during the Season, which begins in October, and terminates in June.

Surrey Institution. The following Lectures will be delivered in the ensuing season:

On the History and Utility of Liter ary Institutions; by T. Jennings Esq. On Chemistry; by Goldworthy Gurney Esq, in the course of November.

On Music; by Wm. Crotch, Mus. D. Professor of Music in the University of Oxford; and

On Pneumatics and Electricity; by Charles Woodward Esq., early in 1823,

A specimen of Palm-Tree Cordage, recently invented in North America, has been sent over to Liverpool from

New York. It is very beautiful, and from its appearance, much stronger and elastic than cordage manufactured from Hemp.

Preparing for publication. Truth against Falsehood, or Facts opposed to Fiction, in a series of letters addressed to Douglas, the Author of No Fiction. By Lefevre.

How to distinguish Oxalic Acid (which is a poison) from Epsom Salt.

There is a very simple way of satisfying one's self that the dose about to be taken, is not Oxalic Acid. Taste one drop of it, or else a particle of the suspected Crystals, and if it be Oxalic Acid, it will be found extremely sour, like most other Acids. The taste of Epsom Salt is quite different,

On the 19th of November will be published, with the Almanacks, Time's Telescope for 1823; containing an explanation of Saints' days and Holydays; Sketches of Comparative Chronology and Contemporary Biography; Astronomical Occurrences in every month, with, a Description of Indispensable Astronomical Instruments, illustrated by Wood Cuts; and the Naturalist's Diary, explaining the various appearances of the Animal and Vegetable Kingdoms, to which will be prefaced, an Introduction to British Entomology, with a Plate of Insects coloured after nature.

The first number of a new monthly work, called The Knight-Errant, will be published on the 1st January 1823.

Shortly will be published, in two vols. 8vo. Fifty Lithographic Prints, illustrative of a Tour in France, Switzeland, and Italy, during the years

1819, 20, and 21, from Original Draw. ings, taken in Italy, the Alps, and the Pyrenees. By Marianne Colston.

Messrs. Colburn and Co. in conjunc tion with Messrs. Bossange and Co., have contracted for the purchase of the genuine Memoirs of Napoleon, dictated by himself during his Exile at St. Helena. They are editing by the Count de Montholon and General Gourgaud; and the first two vols. may be expected in a few weeks.

It will be recollected, that the celebrated Count de Las Cases kept a regular Journal of his Conversations with Napoleon, during the whole time he remained at St. Helena. This Jour. nal, which was seized with the Count's other papers, has been lately restored by the British Government, and will very shortly be also published in London.

We understand that some very curious Memoirs of the French Court, will shortly appear from the pen of the late Madame de Campan, the first Lady of the Bedchamber to the late Queen Marie Antoinette, and Directress of the celebrated Establishment of Econen, under Napoleon.

Shortly will be published, in one volume, 8vo. illustrated with a Portrait of the Rev. W. B. Collyer, D.D., his Lectures on Scripture Comparisons, forming the Seventh and completing volume of the Series, on the Evidences of Christianity. The Six volumes already published contain Lectures on Scripture Facts, Prophecy, Miracles, Parables, Doctrines, and Duties.

In an ingenious work lately pub lished by Dr. Price, on the Beneficial Effects of Leeching, in the Cure of various Inflammatory, Febrile and Acute Diseases, he states that Leeches (which are a species of Vermis Intestinalis) will not only exist in the human stomach in a living state, but will take advantage of their situation, by commencing the operation of their natural functions. The Author adduces several instances which occurred amongst our troops in the Peninsular war, and in the French army, in the Deserts which separate Egypt from Syria, where spitting of blood, and other unpleasant symptoms resulted, particularly to Lauteur Mauberg, Commander of the 22d Regt. of Chasseurs, who swallowed two in the Desarts of St. Makaire, a days journey from the Pyramids, which so weakened him, that his convalescence was long and difficult. Water (except from springs of hard water as it is called, which is never inhabited by Leeches) should be boiled

previous to its being used as a beverage,

A work is in forwardness, in several Languages, with the following Title:Histoire des Superstitions, et des Cultes, avec des Notes sur les caractêre des Prêtres de toutes les Religions. Par une Societé des Philosophes.

IN THE PRESS.

On the 1st of November will be pub lished, embellished with a beautiful Engraving of Buonaparte passing the Alps, from the celebrated Picture by David, No. I. price 2s. 6d. of The Napoleon Anecdotes; illustrating the mental energies of the late Emperor of France; and the characters and actions of his contemporary Warriors and States

men.

A new Novel, entitled, Isabella, will be published early in November, from the peu of the admired Author of Rhoda, Plain Sense, &c.

An Essay on the Proof of the Inspiration of the Scriptures, deduced from the Completion of its Prophecies. By the Rev. Thos. Wilkinson, B.D. Rector of Bulvan, Essex.

Shortly will be published, Outlines of Character, 1 vol. 8vo.

Modern Geography and History; containing an Account of the present State of the Kingdoms of the World; with the Political Alterations determined by the Congress at Vienna.—To which is annexed, a Series of Ques tions at the end of each Chapter; for the Use of Schools. By S. L.

Some Remarks on Southey's Life of Wesley will appear in the course of next Month.

On the 1st of December will be published, in 8vo. the Loves of the Angels; a Poem. By Thomas Moore.

A History and Description of Fonthill Abbey; illustrated by a Series of Engravings, comprehending Views, Plans, Sections, and Details. By John Rutter, Shaftesbury.

Travels in the Northern States of America, particularly those of New England and New York. By Timothy Dwight, L.L.D. late President of Yale College; Author of a System of Theology, &c. Reprinted from the Ame rican edition, with illustrative Maps.

Popular Stories, Translated from the Kinder uns Haus-Marchen, collected by Messrs. Grimm, from Oral Tradition, in different Parts of Germany. To be printed in 1 vol. 12mo., with numerous Original Designs, from the Pencil of Mr. George Cruikshanks.

A Series of Portraits of the Kings

and Queens of Great Britain, to be engraved in the Chalk manner, by Mr. R. Cooper, from the most authentic Originals. To be published in Numbers, each containing Four Portraits. Part 1. will shortly appear.

The Fifth Edition of Granger's Biographical History of England, from Egbert the Great to the Revolution, 6 vols. 8vo.; consisting of Characters disposed in different Classes, and adapted to a Methodical Catalogue of en

DIVINITY.

graved British Heads, with the addition of nearly Four Hundred New Lives, communicated expressly for this Work to the late Mr. William Richardson. By Horace Walpole, Earl of Orford, David Dalrymple, Lord Hailes, Sir Wm. Musgrave, Bart, James Bindley, Esq. and several other celebrated Collectors and Antiquaries. A few Copies will be printed in royal 8vo. to accommodate those who may be inclined to illustrate the Work.

Queries addressed to those who deny the Doctrines of the Trinity and the Atonement of Christ; with Remarks on "Fripp's Evidence for Unitarianism, from Scripture and Ecclesiastical History." By W. Carpenter. 18mo. pp. 112. 1s. 6d. half-bound.

Treatises on the Life, Walk, and Triumph of Faith. By the Rev. W. Romaine, A.M. With an Introductory Essay, by Thomas Chalmers, D.D. 2 vols. 12mo. 9s, bds.

Genuine Religion, the Best Friend of the People. By the Rev. Archibald Bonar. 18mo. 1s.

The Constitution of the Character of Jesus Christ. In Two Parts. Part I. The Constitution of the Character of Jesus Christ shewn to differ from the Opinions of Socinians, Arians, Trinitarians, and Swedenborgians. Part II. On the Moral Character of Jesus, the Office of Christ and the Holy Spirit.

HISTORY.

The First Five Books of Livy's History, with English Notes, critical and explanatory. By John Hunter, D.D. 12mo. 5s.

MEDICINE, SURGERY, &c. Researches respecting the Medical Powers of Chlorine in Diseases of the Liver. By W. Wallace. Svo. 6s.

The Seats and Causes of Diseases investigated by Anatomy. By J. B. Morgami; abridged by W. Cooke, 2 vols. 8vo. 17. 10s.

A Practical Treatise on Diseases of the Heart. By Henry Reeder, MD. Physician to the South London Dispensary, &c. &c.

Poplar Grove; a Romance, in Three Volumes. By H. Gardener.

Edward Wortley; or, Good Education and the Consequences of not being taught a Trade. By W. Gardiner. 1 vol.

MISCELANEOUS.

The Liberal; a new Periodical Work from Italy. By the Right Hon. Lord Byron, Mr. Leigh Hunt, &c. consisting of Verse and Prose. 5s.

Gleanings and Recollections (Moral and Religious) to assist the Memory of Youth. By a Parent; dedicated to his own Son. 18mo. 1s.

Ogle Duncan and Co's Catalogue of Rare Books on the History, Antiquities, and Literature of Scotland and Ireland.

A Concise and Practical Treatise on the Growth and Culture of the Carnation, Pink, &c. By Thomas Hogg, Florist, &c.

POETRY.

The Royal Jubilee, a Scottish Mask. By the Ettrick Shepherd. Royal Svo. 3s. 6d.

- Erin, and other Poems, By Thos. Bayley Esq. 8vo, 5s.

Cumnor, or the Bugle Horn, a tradegy; with other Dramatic Dialogues and Poems. By E. B. Impey.

POLITICAL ECONOMY. Thoughts on the Greek Revolution. By Charles Brinsley Sheridan. 8vo. 3s.

THEOLOGY.

Sermons on Important Points of Faith and Duty. By the Rev. R. P. Buddicom, M.A. 2 vols. 10s.

Substance of the Speech delivered by the Rev. T. Gisborne, M.A. on Laying the Foundation Stone of the New Church at Burton-upon-Trent, Sept. 11th, with a particular account of the Ceremony.

TOPOGRAPHY.

Description of Fonthill Abbey and Demesue. By J. Rutter, 8vo. 3s. 6d.

VOYAGES.

A Journal of a Voyage to Greenland in the year 1821. By George Manby Esq., 4to. with plates. 1. 11s. 6d.

During the season of the year at which the various Exhibitions of the Fine Arts in the metropolis remain closed, it is our intention to devote a portion of the space in our publication, which is usually allotted to that interesting subject, to a slight sketch of the history of the four great branches of the Polite Arts, namely, PAINTING, SCULpture, ARCHITECTURE, and ENGRAVING. Perfectly aware that we cannot communicate to the accomplished artist, or connoisseur, any knowledge of which he is not already in full possession, we yet think that there is a large portion of our readers to whom such a brief notice may be acceptable; relating as it does to topics with which probably they are hitherto not very familiar; but of which, nevertheless, a just conviction of their value would induce them to obtain some general information, provided it could be acquired without any great expense of time and trouble. We begin with PAINTING,

In commencing this rapid survey we shall abstain from dwelling on points of little importance, or at best of little importance to the Fine Arts. When the Skiagram gave place to the Monogram, or the simple Monochron was superseded by the complex Polychron, appears to us to be a matter purely of antiqua rian research. We are by no means desirous of going back to those remote times of which little is certainly known, and in the accounts of which therefore conjecture necessarily supplies the chasm in fact. Whether Painting ever reached in ancient Greece to that perfection, to which Sculpture undoubtedly arrived, is a question on which the most learned men have differed; and it is one which must for ever remain in dispute. Leaving all such useless, though elegant speculations untouched, we hurry on until we can grasp something tangible and

certain.

It is not until about the middle of the thirteenth century, when Cimabue, a noble Florentine, began

to revive the long-forgotten art, that any well-authenticated information is to be found with respect to the history and progress of Painting. Cimabue, although much superior to his contemporaries; and although he produced a work, which was treated by his countrymen with almost divine honours, was an artist of very moderate powers. His pupil, Giotto, far excelled him. Giotto acquired great skill in design and expression, and was evidently aware of the true foundation of all art; namely, the close study of nature. His fame spread widely; and he was liberally employed by Pope Boniface the Eighth.

A few years after Giotto's death, the Academy of St. Luke was founded in Florence, whence subsequently proceeded some of the greatest artists that the world ever saw. The earliest of these was Leonardo da Vinci, a man of universal attainment, and who added to what had until his time been atchieved in Painting the new and important principles of chiaro-scuro, and depth of tone in colour. About the end of the fifteenth and beginning of the sixteenth century burst forth that constellation of genius, by which the art of Painting was suddenly carried to an elevation never since equalled, and perhaps never to be surpassed; for then lived Michal Angelo, Raphael, Titian, and Correggio. These were the founders of the three great schools; the Florentine, the Venetian, and the Lombard.

To the Florentine School, (of which the Roman was only an emanation), belonged Michael Angelo, and Raphael. Its chief qualities are beauty of design, and purity of expression; and it is unquestionably entitled to the highest rank. The Venetian School, at the head of which stood Titian, indulged in all the fascinations of rich and beautiful colouring. Correggio, the great master of the Lombard School, principally distinguished himself by the union of subdued and harmonious colouring, with exquisite chiaroscuro, and perfect grace.

At the time at which these great men lived there existed, fortunately for them and their disciples, as well as for the world at large, the strong est disposition among the noble and the opulent in Italy, to encourage and cherish the Arts. Among the chief of these dignified patrons were the family of the Medici, (particularly Lorenzo, surnamed the magnificent), Julius II., and Leo X.; and the period of the last-mentioned Pope is justly considered as that at which the Fine Arts arrived at the meridian of their splendour. From that period they gradually declined. Julio Romano, Parmigiano, and Tintoretto, although all men of extraordinary talent, were confessedly inferior to their highly-gifted predecessors.

Towards the end of the sixteenth century a School was founded at Bologna, under the auspices of Ludovico Caracci, aided by his nephews and pupils Annibal, and Agostino Caracci; in which it was attempted to combine the excellencies of the three Schools which we have already described. However laudable the effort, and however great the talents exhibited in it, (especially by Annibal Caracci) it was unsuccessful; for, although many fine pictures were produced by the Bolognese School, scarcely a single work can be pointed out which possesses what deserves to be called the highest excellence. It cannot be denied however, that a number of artists of considerable merit and renown sprung from this School. Among them were Guido Reni, Domenichino, Albano, and Guercino. After their time, the Arts rapidly sunk in Italy.

About the close of the fifteenth century, Albert Durer began to revive the Art of Painting in Germany. His style of design was dry and meagre; but he occasionally produced compositions pregnant with genius; and his colouring was frequently admirable. When the works of Michael Angelo became known in Germany, the artists of that country were hurried away by their enthusiasm to "o'erstep the modesty of nature;" and the sublimity of the great Florentine was caricatured by Goltzius, Spranger, and others, until the German School of Painting became utterly contemptible.

Flanders and Holland were more fortunate. The Flemish artists in general, debarred by local circumstances from any intimacy with the refined beauties of ancient and foreign art, applied themselves to the study and imitation of nature in her every-day forms and appearances; in which they were eminently successful. The great luminaries of the Flemish School are Rubens and Rembrandt. The boundless imagination of the former of those great men can perhaps be compared only to that of our own Shakespeare. Of him it may also be said:

"Each change of many-coloured life he drew, Exhausted worlds-and then imagined

new."

He united the splendour of colouring of the Venetian School, with the grandeur of outline of the Florentine; although he was deficient in the harmony of the former, and the correctness of the latter; but the facility of his invention, and the rapidity of his execution are wholly unexampled. Early in the seventeenth century, Rembrandt also astonished the world by the exhibition of a style of art entirely original; the chief beauties of which were a powerful concentration of chiaroscuro, and a brilliancy of colour, rivalling sunshine. Vandyke, the pupil of Rubens, although he did not possess the rich exuberance of his master's genius, evinced much more delicacy of taste, and was preeminent in portraiture. The works of Jordaens, Teniers, Metzu, Netscher, Mieris, Dow, &c. in which are to be found the most happy im itations of common nature, and the most masterly powers of execution, were succeeded by others of less merit; and, soon after the commencement of the last century, the art of Painting became almost extinct in Holland and the Netherlands.

In the early part of the sixteenth century, the fame and the example of Titian excited a spirit of emulation among the Spanish artists, which, although it did not lead to any results of transcendent excellence, produced much of highly respectable talent. One of the most celebrated Spanish painters was Spagnoletto, whose style possessed