dressed, doubtless, on that occasion, in the fashion of an English lady of her class at that period, as delineated in the engraving; such dress was probly the costume of the bride who followed her husband across the Atlantic to the dark wilderness in this then truly mysterious West. We know that the coverings of her feet at the nuptials were such as wealthy English gentlewomen then wore, for her wedding slippers, which she brought with her in the May-flower, are preserved among her descendants. One of them is in the possession of the Honorable Winslow C. Watson, son of the eminent merchant and agriculturalist, and earnest advocate of navigation by canals, in the State of New York, Elkanah Watson. At his house at Port Kent, on the shore of Lake Champlain, the writer saw and sketched the slipper in 1859. Attached to it was the following history in the handwriting of Elkanah Watson:

ENGLISH LADY.-1620.

"This slipper I presented to my daughter, on her marriage with my son Winslow, at her father's, Governor Skinner, in Man

WEDDING SLIPPER.

That it was presented to my father in 1754, on his marriage with my mother Patty Marston, at Manchester, Mass. Her mother was sister to the celebrated Gen. John Winslow, who descended in the 4th generation from Edward Winslow, who landed at Plymouth, Mass. (the place of my nativity) the 22nd day of December 1620, from the May-flower, a leader of 101 pilgrims, the founders of N. England, who was the third Governor of the infant colony of Plymouth. It was his wife's wedding slipper. The other was presented to my father Col. Marston Watson. Governor Winslow married the widow of William White, who was mother to Peregrine White, the first male white child born in New England. The slipper in course must have come in the May-flower. It is my earnest wish that a relick so ancient-so precious in the archives of New England and so well authenticated may be carefully transmitted to posterity; there is however some danger of its eventual loss or being disregarded. In that view a safe asylum may be found in Pilgrim's Hall at Plymouth.

ELKANAH WATSON."

The slipper is made of the finest and heavy satin. The original colour, it is difficult to determine, but was probably salmon or rose. The upper part of the slipper was richly embroidered with gold lace. It had no quarters, but from the remains of loops, was apparently bound to the ankle by ribbons. The inner part was

formed of soft and delicate kid. Although the slipper is about eleven inches long, in conformity to fashion, it will scarcely receive the tiniest foot of a modern belle. The heel is about one inch and a half high, and the sole, made of leather singularly compact and flexible, is about a third of an inch thick.

Edward Winslow's name is the third on the list of subscribers to the Covenant or voluntary agreement concerning the government of the Colony they were about to form, and he was foremost in adventurous exploits on the strange coast of New England. His wife died in March follow

ing, and so did their little son Edward at about the same time. In May following he married Susannah White. It was the first marriage solemnized in the Colony. William Bradford, who had recently suc'ceeded the deceased Governor Carver in office, "gave away the bride." Winslow's brother John arrived at New Plymouth, as the New England settlement was called, the same year, and married one of the passengers in the May-flower, Mary Chilton, a spinster of much personal beauty and intellectual accomplishments. From these two brothers have descended most of the Winslow's in this country.

Americans enjoy, and fully appreciate the potency of caricature in controversy and the reformation of social abuses, and it is employed continually either by the periodical press or on isolated sheets, not only in political strife but in religious and social warfare. It seems to have been introduced into England during the Protectorate, by Dutch artists, who sent thither many sharp lampoons of Cromwell and his associates. One of these artists went over to England in the time of Charles the second. After the accession of William and Mary they were quite numerous, and through improved methods of engraving, caricature became a social fea

ture.

Hogarth was the first native English artist, of much skill, who employed caricature. For forty years he used his pencil more or less in that way. He was followed by several skillful amateur artists who flourished during the earlier part of the reign of George the Third. These found ample scope for their wit in drawings, in the quarrel between Great Britain and America. In the subjoined letter the squibs of these artists and their audacity are mentioned. As the salient parts of the two caricatures described in the letter, are found in outline, in Wright's "England under the House of Hanover," they

are here given (carefully copied from that work) as illustrations of the Art at that time as applied to the American question.

"SIR:

"London, 20th April, 1774.

"I will send this, with some newspapers, by our friend Heath, master of the vessel, Sally Ann, hence from this Port to-morrow, for Boston.

"Your City is doomed. The Ministry are exasperated because of your conduct in the matter of the Tea-Ships last December, and the King sputters about with a vague idea that he is called upon to execute Vengeance on criminal Subjects. The defiant tone of your Newspapers and of Speakers at Public Meetings, and especially the harangues of Quincy, have amazed your friends and foes here, because of your audacity. At first there was a powerful reaction against you, and before this feeling had begun to subside, Wedderburne, the Solicitor-general, rudely and shamefully abused Dr. Franklin before the Privy Council and the King, charging him with Dishonor, Duplicity and Intrigue. Franklin made no reply, The Peers were delighted at what they supposed to be the quick and utter destruction of his great popularity here: and to complete his Disgrace they have dismissed him from the

office of Post Master General of the American Colonies. How amazingly they mistook Franklin's Character, the people whom he represents, and the effect of such petty personal spite! I saw Franklin when he came out from the Privy Council Chamber at Whitehall. There was no sign in his face of a disturbance of his usual Serenity; and it is said that he is pleased by the action of the Ministry, because it will create here many new friends for your Cause and deepen the Sympathies of the old ones.

"The Ministry are determined to put down the spirit of Rebellion in America,' as they call your resistance to Oppression, by Law if possible-by force of Arms if they must. They call Boston the "Ringleader in every riot." Lord North, with moral near-sightedness greater than that of his natural eyes, has conceived, and intends to put into operation, new Schemes for taxing you, and has employed the great Lord Mansfield to prepare bills for that purpose. Dr. Samuel Johnson is employed to write against you, and the elegant Essayist' Gibbon, who has been you friend, has become suddenly silent.

"But you have warm and able Friends here, and their number is increasing daily. Edmund Burke, an Irish orator of great parts, and member for Bristol, has spoken with force in your favor and condemned all of the unrighteous Acts of the Ministry.

"The great body of the Citizens of London, particularly the Merchants and Traders, are on your side. So, also, are most of the Satirists whose Writings and Pictures have very great weight. It is amazing how audacious they are in their ridicule of the King and his Ministers. So soon as we heard of the affair of the Tea Ships in Boston harbor, the town was tickled with a clever Caricature called 'A strong dose of Tea.' It was in allusion to Lord North's futile measure for forcing the Americans to pay a duty upon Tea in vindication of the right of Parliament to tax the Colonies. America, represented by an Aboriginal matron, is held to the ground by Lord Chancellor Mansfield who prepared the oppressive Acts, while Lord

North, holding her by the Throat, pours the Tea down it, from a Tea-pot. She

A STRONG DOSE OF TEA.

resists by spirting the obnoxious Fluid in his face. Britannia stands near by weeping because of the distress of her Daughter, and By-standers are agitated by diverse feelings.

"In the Westminster Magazine for this month is another Caricature called 'The Whitehall Pump, or Britannia in distress.'

In this Britannia is the Victim. She is thrown down upon her child, America, with her feet upon her Shield and her

BRITANNIA IN DISTRESS.

Spear in one of her helpless hands, while Lord North, the purblind Minister, pumps cold water upon her, and complacently

looks at her through a lens, with evident gratification because of her forlorn state. Scattered under and around prostrate Britannia are a large number of Acts or Bills marked Magna Charta,' 'Coronation 'Coronation Oaths," 'The Bill of Rights,' &c. Lord Chancellor Mansfield stands by North, with an Act of Parliament in his hand, to encourage him to persevere; and other members of the Cabinet standing around, seem to enjoy the scene. On the top of the Pump is a head of the King, caricatured so as to make him appear more stupid than he is. I might mention several other Squibs in print, but these will suffice to

give you an idea of the temper of the Wits of the Opposition.

"I said, your City is doomed. At the ides of March a bill was passed for closing your Port and removing Government Offices of every kind to Salem. So prepare for Trouble. The measure will certainly be enforced, for General Gage is appointed to be the successor of Governer Hutchinson. God grant that my Countrymen may have fortitude to endure all Trials in store for them, is the sincere prayer of your Friend, THOMAS DRAPER."

William Phillips,

Boston.

The following reminiscence of the late Francis L. Hawks. D. D., LL. D., written for the RECORD,

is from the pen of the well known author,

Hon. Charles E. A. Gayarrè, of New Orleans. Dr. Hawks came to Louisiana preceded by the reputation which his talents, his virtues and social qualities had secured to him, and, as a matter of right, assumed the high and influential position to which he was entitled. It was my good fortune to become acquainted with him shortly after his arrival, and it was not long before that acquaintance was followed by the closest intimacy. There was then living in New Orleans a Dr. Luzenberga most distinguished physician-truly a man of extraordinary genius in his profession. He was a strange compound of most liberal views and of violent prejudices, which were like the mistletoe growing on the top of the loftiest branches of the oak. He was a being of unsubdued passions and of intense sensibilities. He hated as deeply and powerfully as he loved. He was the best friend I ever had, and he became also intimate with Hawks, who was captivated by the rugged and magnificent nature of that man, in whom there was a sort of Alpine scenery with gorges full of shadows and radiant points resplendent with light. We then contrived, for

He

several years, to see as much of each other in the evening and as often as our avocations permitted. It was on those occasions that I had the opportunity to enjoy. the wealth of intellect which teemed in Dr. Hawks and to appreciate the whole extent of his moral worth. The most distinctive trait of his character was, I think, his contempt for meanness of any kind. He was horrified at its very shadow, and he would attack the apparition with a vigor of indignant sarcasm, which, sometimes, was truly amusing. He may emphatically be said to have been born a gentleman and never to forget it. was an intense aristocrat, perhaps unconsciously, and, although he never alluded to birth, he took care to have his coat of arms on every book of his library. I cannot but smile at the recollection of the peculiar emphasis with which he, more than once, said to me; "Democracy, my friend, was born in Hell, and Satan was undoubtedly the first democrat." ways thought that he was not in his proper sphere-and that he ought to have been born an English bishop with a seat in the House of Lords. What a glorious bishop and peer he would have been! How freely he spoke his mind on every subject! How careless of selfish and prudential

considerations! How keenly he abhorred those who, to use his expressions, were always chasing the shadow of a shilling round the corner! How often did I hear his gentle wife kindly remonstrating when he poured out his thoughts with an eloquent vituperation of men and things that contrasted strikingly with the good natured smile which lighted his face as soon as he had done relieving himself. Doctor, Doctor," would his wife say, "you must not talk in this way, "-" and why not, was the reply. "Am I not in a free country?"-and then sounded a half-subdued laugh which showed that no bitterness was in his heart.

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One evening I dropped in upon him, when he was pacing his parlor as if chafed, and talking with animation to half a score of friends. As soon as he saw me he turned to those with whom he seemed to have been engaged in a spirited discussion, and pointing to me, he exclaimed: "gentlemen I am going to show you that I am not so uncompromising a whig as you suppose me to be. Take as your candidate for governor this democrat who has just come in, and I pledge myself that I will march at the head of my congregation to the polls to vote for him." I mention this as characteristic of his manner and temperament.

No minister of religion was ever, I believe, more in earnest than he was, and none more free from sectarian pride and dictatorial teaching. I have more than once heard him say to a skeptic friend: “examine into the proofs of Christianity, study the matter, and the truth which I preach will be demonstrated to you without any effort of mine. Only investigate, and judge for yourself. It is all that I ask."

Although immovable in his creed, he was extremely tolerant for the convictions of others. "With such an ancestry as yours," he would say to me, "you cannot but be a Catholic. It is right. It should not be otherwise." Is not this illustrative of the man?

Eloquent as the doctor was in the pulpit, I think that he was still more expressive in private conversation, when heated

by discussion, particularly on some theological point. Our friend Luzenberg, was fond of drawing him out by opposing him. Then it was that the sluices of his mind opened, and that a flood was poured out which swept away with irresistible force over the adverse ground so skilfully fortified against him. His voice-his language his manner-his logic all were perfect.

1

The following anecdote exemplifies the fascination exercised at times by the Doctor's conversation. Once, at 6 o'clock on a winter evening, I called on my friend Luzenberg. He had just returned from his professional visits. His chariot stood at the door. When he saw me, he said: I am glad you have come. I am going to Hawks'. I must see him on business and you must accompany me. We will return for tea.' Mrs. Luzenberg was notified that we were soon to be back. We entered the carriage, drove rapidly, and were soon at the Doctor's library. He received us with his beaming and genial smile as usual. "Sit down, my friends, sit down. I am always so happy to lay hold on you. Make yourselves at home.' No" was Luzenberg's reply—“I have only a few words to say, and will not even take a chair. My wife expects us to tea, me and the judge. After a little while we were notified, on the part of Mrs. Hawks, that her tea was ready. "I am coming" said the doctor, and the conversation went on. I do not know what time had elapsed when another summons came from Mrs. Hawks. "Did I not tell you," said the doctor mildly to the servant, "that I was coming."-This was the last interruption. Suddenly, pulling out my watch, I discovered that it was 11 o'clock, that we had long ceased to stand up, and that those comfortable arm-chairs had become the recipients of our absent minded bodies. We had lost the consciousness of the flight of time.

Shortly after the arrival of the Doctor in New Orleans, his friends wished to put him at the head of a University which the state had just voted to be established in that city. The doctor was requested to draw the plan of organization, and to in