But this letter was productive of an anfwer which I did not expect, and in which I found explanations refpecting the paft conduct of this government, which cannot deceive me; and refolutions for the future, which in general appear to me as little compatible with the connexions of this Prince, as with the designs and interest of Europe. For these reafons, I have found it neceffary to communicate to you my correspondence on this fubject, which I have here enclofed, that you may tranfmit notice to your court of the evident proofs of conduct of this court, which is fo entirely different from thofe which animate at prefent the principal powers of Europe; and I doubt not but it is deemed neceffary to guide this conduct in a manner more fuitable with the present circumftances, and the juft views of the Allied Powers.

"I embrace this opportunity to affure you of the particular esteem with which I have the honour to call myself, &c. &c. "Florence, May 23, 1793.

HERVEY."

Anfwer of the Ruffian Chargé d'Affairs to the Circulating Letter of Lord Hervey.

"WHATEVER may be the fentiments of his Royal Highness the Grand Duke refpecting the fyftem of neutrality which he has adopted, it is beyond a doubt that his conduct is full of deference for the felf-ftyled Republic, and for its reprefentatives, of which your Excellency must have naturally received the most certain intelligence, fince you fpeak of it in fo pofitive a manner in your anfwer to M. Terriflori. Nothing, therefore, remains for me, but to recall to your remembrance, in fupport of what you fay, the powerful and decided protection of this government, which prevented me from inferting in the Tufcan papers the manifefto of my Sovereign against the monfters who at prefent, for the misfortune of the world, govern France. I know certainly, befides, that the French Constitution has been publicly fold at Florence. I hope for, and defire, as well as your Excellency, the fpeedy arrival of the combined fleets, in order that Italy may fhake off the yoke of democratical tyranny. I have the honour to be, &c. &c.

No. II.

(Signed)

" &c." Memorial prefented on the 8th of October 1793, to M. de Terriflori, Minifter for Foreign Affairs at Florence, by Lord Hervey, the English Minifter.

"AL LL Europe is witness of the reiterated complaints made by the under-figned Envoy-Extraordinary and Minifter Plenipotentiary of his Britannic Majefty at the court of Tufcany, on the fubject of the partiality which the latter goverment obferves in favour of the French. The under-figned has done every thing in his power to open the eyes of his Royal Highness the Grand Duke upon his true interefts, and the danger to which he expofes himself by having communication with a nation of regicides, which puts every art in practice to annihilate all kind of government; which defpifes all laws; which deftroys all religion; which has at length dipped its guilty hands in the blood of the King, in the blood of the clergy, of the nobility, and of other fubjects who remained faithful to their King; and which, fecking to extend its calamities to all other people, is warring against almost all the Sovereigns of Europe. Notwithstanding the generous, amicable, and plain intentions of his Britannic Majefty, which the under-figned communicated to the Government of Tufcany by his memorial of Auguft 4th last, he has feen the evil counfels and dangerous maxims of certain perfons pre

vail;

vail; and as the conduct which he complains of has been perfevered in, it becomes neceffary to take vigorous measures.

"The underligned is obliged to declare, in order that his Royal Highness the Grand Duke may be informed of it, that Admiral Lord Hood has ordered an English fquadron, in conjunction with a detachment from the Spanish fleet, to fet fail for Leghorn, there to act according to the part which his Royal Highness may take.

The unjust and notorious partiality of Tufcany in favour of the French, and the vaft feizure of the corn and effects belonging to the merchants of Toulon at Leghorn, at a time when the armies of their Britannic and Spanish Majefties had occafion for the fame articles, evidently prove the injury which enfues from such a neutrality for the operations of the Allies. In confequence, Admiral Lord Hood declares in the name of the King his mafter, that if, within the fpace of twelve hours after the reprefentations of the under-figned, his Royal Highnes the Grand Duke does not refolve to fend away M. de la Flotte and his adherents from Tufcany, the fquadron will act offenfively against the port and city of Leghorn.

"The unhappy confequences of this proceeding can alone be imputed to thofe who have had the audacity to give perfidious advice, and to make falfe reprefentations upon the prefent ftate of affairs; they alone will have to anfwer for all that may happen henceforward.

“The under-figned, who earnestly defires to avert fuch a calamity from Tuscany, and to fpare his Royal Highness the Grand Duke all kind of inconvenience, again invites him to give, without delay, a clear explication of his intentions, relative to the demand made by Admiral Lord Hood, to order the departure of M. de la Flotte and his adherents, and to break off all communication with the National Convention, or the foi-difant government of France. In making a common cause with the Allies, his Royal Highnefs the Grand Duke may rely upon the friendthip and protection of his Britannic Majefty and his Allies. The fole way to prevent offenfive operations against the city and port of Leghorn, is to acquiefce in the demand now made, by giving the under-figned the Royal promife to conform to them punctually.

"It will depend then upon his Royal Highness to receive the faid fquadron as a friend, or to expofe Tufcany to all the difafters which will happen, if it be compelled to act offenfively. As its expedition at Genoa is concluded, it is on the point of arriving at Leghorn. For this rçafon the under-figned will haften to prevent any offenfive meafures, by acquainting the commanding Admiral with the refolutions of his Royal Highness.

"The under-figned has thought it neceffary to make this communication for the information of his Royal Highness the Grand Duke of Tufcany. At the fame time he fincerely hopes that this affair will terminate amicably, and to the reciprocal fatisfaction of the two courts.

(Signed)

"HERVEY."

Anfwer.

"My Lord,

HIS IS Royal Highness has ordered me to reply to the memorial which you have prefented this day, and to the explanatory note of the intentions of the King your Sovereign, that his Royal Highness has refolved to make the neceffary difpofitions that M. de la Flotte and his adherents may quit Tufcany as foon as poffible. His Royal Highnefs flatters himfelf that his Majesty the King of Great Britain will confider this proceeding as a fresh teftimony of the particular efteem and deference which

his Royal Highnefs takes a pleasure in fhewing him on every occafion. Such are the orders that my Sovereign has given me.

(Signed)

"Oct. 8, Ten o'Clock at Night."

"TERRIFLORI."

No. III.

GENOA.

ON the 5th of October the combined English and Spanish fquadron entered the port of Genoa; and, on the fame day, Mr. Drake fummoned the Republic to declare against France. Some days were necessary to convoke the members of the government, in order to deliberate according to the forms prefcribed by the conftitution. As foon as this could be done, they fignified to Mr. Drake, that, on a point of fo much importance, they could not decide, till they had received anfwers to their reprefentations to the allied courts. On the 19th of October they difpatched couriers to Madrid, Vienna, and London. Mr. Drake did not fay formerly, that he would not wait for anfwers from thefe courts; but mentioned in general terms, that three weeks were fufficient for taking the neceffary measures of defence, and for fending all the French out of the territory of the Republic. Accordingly, on the 9th of November, he renewed his fummons, and the government having fent him an answer to the fame effect as the former, he returned it, and refolved upon quitting Genoa immediately; which he did the next day; leaving behind him a note, in which he stated, "That though it had been inferred from his preceding notes, that he meant to force the Republic to accede to the coalition, that fuch was not the intention of the King his master; but that in fact nothing more had been intended than requifite fatisfaction for the infult offered by French mariners to an English veffel in the harbour of Genoa; which fatisfaction could be granted by no other means than by fending away the French Minifter."

The Genoefe Government answered immediately in fubftance as follows:

"That it learnt with the greatest pleasure, that his Britannic Majesty did not mean to force a free and independent ftate to renounce a neutrality, which its intereft required that it should observe; that as to what related to the fatisfaction demanded of the Republic, there could be no pretext for it. As the veffel to which the infult had been offered carried the tri-coloured flag, the Republic could not know that England had any interest in it; that, on the other hand, a very great infult had been offered by the English caufing armed frigates and fire-fhips to enter the harbour of Genoa, contrary to all the rights of an independent state. As to the difmiffion of the French minifter, that requifition could not be complied with, as it would be pofitively declaring war against the French, who had an army on the frontiers of the Republic."

Mr. Drake went first to Toulon, and from thence to Leghorn. [The Genoefe with to remain neuter, because they are convinced that by becoming parties in the war they must be ruined.-They refufed a pallage to the French through their territory, when the French were moft formidable; and in all their negotiations with the allied powers, they never once mentioned their property in the French funds, which, not the uncertain events of war, but a decree of the Convention, may annihilate. So well affured were they of their right to be treated as friends, that on the 7th of November they allowed the Spaniards to ship a confiderable quantity of corn at the port of Spezia.]

No. IV.

No. IV.
SWEDEN.

Stockholm, August 6.

the

LAST week the Ruffian Chargé des Affaires delivered a note on part of his Court to the Chancellor, of the following import: "The Emprefs of Ruffia has thought proper to fit out a fleet of 25 fail of the line, and a proportionable number of frigates, to cruize in the East and North Seas, for the purpose (in conjunction with the Englifh maritime force) of preventing the fending of any provifions or ammunition to France. The Empress therefore requests the King of Sweden, not to permit his fhips of war to take any Swedish merchantmen, faden with fuch commodities, under their convoy. Her Imperial Majefty has further ordered all merchant fhips, which her fquadron may meet in thofe feas, to be fearched, to fee if their cargoes confift of any fuch goods: All which is done for this reafon, namely, that no neutrality can take place with respect to a government confifting only of rebels.”

Stockholm, August 9.

M.Notbeck, Chargé des Affaires from the Emprefs of Ruffia, delivered to the Grand Chancellor of the Crown the following official

note:

"The underfigned Chargé des Affaires of her Imperial Majefty the Empress of all the Ruffias, in reference to the amicable and confidentiał application, which, in the beginning of the prefent year, Count Stackelberg, the Ambaffador from her Imperial Majefty, had been charged, in concert with the other Ministers from the Courts interested in the prefent war, to make to the Miniftry of his Swedish Majefty, has now the honour to notify, that her Imperial Majefty, in confequence of a ftipulation agreed upon between the Emprefs and his Britannick Majesty, has fent a fleet of twenty-five fail of the line to cruize in the East and North Seas, for the purpofe of cutting off and deftroying the trade and navigation of the French rebels, and of protecting the coafts of those feas against their acts of pillage and devaftation.

"The Commanders of that fleet have inftructions to feize upon all veffels hoifting the fo called French flag, or any other flag which the navigators of that nation should dare to hoist; also, to stop all neutral veffels, having a cargo for any of the ports of France, to force them either to return to the port from whence they came, or to unload their cargo in any neutral port they should think fit to point out.

After all the proofs which her Majefty has given of the generous and difinterested care she had taken to fecure the rights of neutral states, in time of war, by establishing a particular code of navigation laws, which received the approbation of most of the Maritime Powers, by folemn treaties, he has no reason to fear, left her prefent conduct might excite any fufpicion of her intending to infringe that generous and beneficial fyftem, fince that fyftem can by no means be applicable to the present circumstances.

"In order to prove this affertion, it will be fufficient to alledge, that the ufurpers of the government of France, after having overthrown every order in that country, after having dipped their murderous hands in the blood of their King, have, by a folemn decree, declared themfelves the protectors and fupporters of all thofe who fhould attempt like crimes against their Sovereigns and Governors in other ftates. This they not only promifed, but they have actually attacked most of their neighbouring powers with armed forces, and by this, having placed

themselve:

themselves in a state of war against all the Powers of Europe, no neutrality confequently could exift from that time, in any power with regard to them, except where prudence, and the benefit of the common cause, prefcribed a feigned peaceable difpofition.

"But this motive is no longer in existence fince the combination of the formidable Powers of Europe, to make it their common cause against the enemies of the safety and happiness of nations.

"If there are Powers whofe particular fituation or circumstances do not permit them to make such vigorous and decisive exertions, as those made by the other Powers, it is but juft, that they should employ all other means which they immediately have in their hands, to fecond the measures in favour of the common caufe, and particularly that they fhould interrupt and put an end to all commercial communications with thofe difturbers of public tranquillity.

"Her Imperial Majefty thinks herself fo much the more juftified in propofing thefe measures, as fhe had been the first who fet the example in her ftates, notwithstanding the actual difadvantages which arise from fuch measures, to the exportation and fale of numerous articles of the produce of her empire.

"Her Majefty forefaw too well the inconveniencies to which the ge neral good would be exposed, if it was permitted to facilitate to the common enemy the procuring of the neceffary provifions and ammuni tion, which might enable them to continue and prolong the troubles which they have excited in Europe, to have hesitated a moment to make a facrifice of fome momentary advantages, the leaft which so great a cause deferved.

"Her Majefty the Emprefs of Ruffia, therefore, with as full confidence in the juftice of thefe motives, as in the friendship of his Swedish Majefty, thinks herfelf juftified in communicating to his Majesty the King of Sweden, the most preffing reprefentations of her Allies, to induce his Majefty to perfift in his friendly and favourable difpofitions towards them, and to give orders to his Admiralty to refuse all protection of convoy to Swedish veffels, bound to any port of France, and that all other Swedish veffels fhould fubmit to the examination and fearching which might be required of them by the Commanders of the armed fhips of her Imperial Majesty, who are ordered to treat them with all the indulgence and refpect which is due from the Allied Powers towards all the other neighbouring and friendly Powers.

"Stockholm, July 30, 1793.”

(Signed)

"NOTBECK.

Note delivered by the Swedifh Ambaffador, M. Von Stedinck, to the Cabinet of St. Petersburgh.

"AS S commerce has always been found indifpenfably neceffary to the existence of Sweden, it has ever been, and is ftill, an object of great importance to the Duke Regent, to devote his whole and uninterrupted attention to the direction of that branch of government, and it was for this reafon that that Prince thought himfcli obliged to watch over the obfervation of the strictest neutrality; not that he ever harboured any confideration in favour of the French; but the Duke always had, and ever will have, the welfare of the faithful fubjects of his nephew, the King, dear at heart.

"His Royal Highnefs, by means of the under-figned Ambassador of the King at the Court of her Imperial Majefty, as well as by the Swedith Ambaffador at the Court of London, has already expreffed his hopes, that means will be found, by which meafures will be taken in fuch a

manner