this first college, which became extinct in 1664, and especially long before 1700, when the present college was founded at Saybrook, and before 1717, when it was removed and settled in New-Haven.'

It acquired the present name from Elihu Yale, Esq., its chief benefactor. The corporation consists of the president, the governor of the state, six of his assistants, together with ten clergymen: it has but four professorships, one of divinity-one of mathematics and natural philosophy-one of languages and ecclesiastical history-and one of chymistry and mineralogy:* the number of students is generally from two hundred and seventy to three hundred; and the library contains about six thousand volumes. The philosophical and chymical apparatus are complete; and it has in its charge a most brilliant mineralogical cabinet of twenty-four thousand specimens--besides a smaller collection of its own, amounting to about two thousand five hundred more. Education at Yale College has heretofore been too much devoted to the mathematics. Of late years, however, the system has undergone some material alterations; and, if the same spirit of salutary innovation continues, it will not be long before the belles lettres will receive their adequate proportion of study. The Collecteana Græca Minora, as well as the first volume of the Majora, have already been introduced; and one or two new Latin authors also, are now included in their routine of study. Webber's mathematics have formerly been used; but Professor Day is now publishing a new system of his own, which is to supersede the old, in Yale College-and perhaps in Harvard. In other respects, the plan of education in both these seminaries is very nearly the same. Three thousand young men have already been educated at the former; five sixths of whom, our readers will be surprised to learn, belonged to the single state of Connecticut. The theological doctrines of Yale College are Calvinistic,-those of Harvard are Arian; and accordingly such parents in either Connecticut or Massachusetts, as feel pretty scrupulous upon religious matters, are in the habit of sending their sons to which ever institution agrees best with their respective notions of orthodoxy. Never did any institution struggle its way into celebrity against so many pecuniary disadvantages as Yale College; for, though the legislature

* A medical institution has lately been attached to the college; so that the professorships are now a little altered from their former arrangement. There are six,-one of materia medica and botany; one of the theory and practice of physic, surgery and obstetricks; one of mathematics and natural philosophy; one of chymistry, pharmacy and mineralogy; one of languages and ecclesiastical history; and one of anatomy and physiology.

have always appeared to be particularly beneficent (so far as their means would go) to the schools for common education— they have never taken any liberal measures for promoting the interests of the only college of any name in their dominions. The presidents of Yale have been:--

1795.

1777 Rev. Ezra Stiles, S. T. D. LL. D.

1793 Rev. Timothy Dwight, S. T. D. LL. D. 1817.

1817 Rev. Samuel Davis.

In the year 1769, a college was founded in Hanover, NewHampshire,---called Dartmouth College, from the earl of Dartmouth, who was one of its chief benefactors. It is under the direction of a president and three professors,---one of civil and ecclesiastical history; one of mathematics and natural philosophy; and one of languages. The number of students is about one hundred and seventy,---besides about sixty in the grammar school, and about the same number in the medical department. There is a good philosophical and chymical apparatus; and a library of about four thousand volumes. The funds of the institution consist in eighty thousand acres of land; yielding an annual revenue of nearly $1340; which, with the tuition money make an income of about $3000. It has had but two presidents---the Rev. Eleazar Wheelock, accessus 1769, exitus 1779; and the honourable John Wheelock, accessus 1779, exi tus 1816.

In 1791, a college was established in Burlington, Vermont. At first a donation of $6000 for the erection of buildings and for the establishment of funds, was all the aid it received; but since that period, the legislature have granted it lands to the amount of about thirty thousand acres,---which, as they daily increase in value, must, before long, be productive of a very considerable revenue. But whatever be its revenue, it will always be prevented from gaining any great celebrity, in consequence of the juxtaposition of Middlebury College; an institution which was founded in 1800; and which, though dependent for support upon private bounty alone, is in quite a flourishing condition, and has in general about one hundred and twenty students. The Rev. Dr. Austin, and the Rev. Dr. Jeremiah Atwater, have been the only presidents of Burlington and Middlebury Colleges respectively. Many years ago, the legislature of Vermont reserved thirty-three thousand acres of land for the

support of an university; and they are now taking measures for its establishment at Montpelier,---the present seat of government. Academies in almost every county,--and grammar schools in every county, have been established by law, and are supported at the public charge.

The college established at Brunswick, in the District of Maine, in 1795, received its present name from the honourable James Bowdoin, who gave the institution $10,000, and bequeathed it his own library. The state has made it a donation of five townships; which will, in time, produce a considerable revenue. The presidents have been, the Rev. Mr. Brattle, and the Rev. Dr. Appleton; and the present number of students is not far from sixty. There are seven academies in the district,---all endowed with liberal grants of land.

King's (now Columbia) College, was founded in New-York, in the year 1754.* It has at present two faculties,---one of the arts, and one of physic. The funds yield a revenue of $3850; and though the number of students is by no means great, the institution is said to be in a flourishing condition. Its presidents have been the Rev. Samuel Johnson, D. D.; the Revs Benjamin Moore, D. D.; the Rev. William Harris, D. D.; and the Rev. John Mason, D. D. In 1794, the regents of the university, as they are called---a sort of committee, instituted since the revolution, for the management of literary matters,---incorporated Union College, in Schenectady. In 1796, its funds were upwards of $42,000, besides one thousand, six hundred and four acres of land; and the legislature have since granted it a lottery of $90,000. It is under the direction of a president, and three professors,---one of mathematics and natural philosophy, and one of each of the dead languages. The Rev. Dr. John Blair Smith, was its first president; the Rev. Jonathan Maxcy, the second; and the Rev. Dr. Eliphalet Nott, the third. Hamilton College was lately established in the western part of the state; and had just begun to be flourishing,---when it received a severe blow in the death of its president, the Rev. Dr. Backus.

About the year 1738, John Hamilton, Esq. the president of the Council of New-Jersey, granted the charter of Princeton College. It was nine years afterwards enlarged by Governor Belcher; and has since undergone no very material alterations. The

6

*This was a late beginning; and the historian of the state speaks in the following terms of her early literature: Their schools (says he) were in the lowest order; the instructors wanted instruction, and through a long and shameful neglect of all the arts and sciences, their common speech was extremely corrupt, and the evidences of a bad taste, both as to thought and language, were visible in all their proceedings, both public and private.'

corporation is composed of twenty-four persons; of whom the governor of the state and the president of the institution are, ex officio, two. Besides the president, there are three professors: the number of students is about one hundred and thirty: the number of volumes in the library is about three hundred; and the amount of its revenue not far from $3,000. An excellent philosophical apparatus, together with the library, was destroyed by the British, during the Revolution. The library was burned a second time in 1802. Nassau Hall,---situated as it is, upon the highest ground betwixt the Delaware river at Trenton, and the Rariton at Brunswick,---cannot help being a healthy place. The presidents have been :--

Accessus.

1746 Rev. Jonathan Dickenson,

1748 Rev. Aaron Burr,

Exitus.

1747.

1757,

1812 Rev. Ashbel Green, D. D.

appro

In the year 1770, the ministers of the Dutch church priated about $1200 to the establishment of a college at NewBrunswick; which as it has always been devoted to the interests of that denomination, was lately converted into a purely theological seminary. It has a board of twenty-nine trustees; a president; a vice-president; and one professor. The students are, for the most part, the children of Dutch emigrants. The library is small,---but well selected; and the whole machinery of the school (the Rev. Dr. Livingston now presides) is under very good regulation.

There are six colleges in Pennsylvania;---Dickenson College, at Carlisle; the University of Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia; Franklin College, at Lancaster; Jefferson College, at Cononsburg; Washington College, seven miles from the same place; and Alleghany College, at Meadville. Dickenson College has an excellent central position. It is under the direction of forty trustees; has a principal and five professors; a good philosophical apparatus; a library of about three thousand volumes; and a revenue of considerable amount, arising from ten thousand acres of land, and $10,666 in funded certificates. It has had three presidents,---the Rev. John Nesbit, D. D.; the Rev. Dr. Davidson; and the Rev. Jeremiah Atwater, D. D. The present University of Pennsylvania resulted from the incorporation (1791) of the old institution of that name, with the college, academy, and charitable schools of Philadelphia. It is di

vided into three departments,---the college, the medical, and the grammar schools; in all of which there are about six hundred and fifty students,---about fifty in the first, five hundred in the second, and one hundred in the last. Its funds are not so extensive as they ought to be; yielding a revenue of only about 2365/.; but, in other respects, it is on a very good footing; and the philosophical apparatus, particularly, is, without a doubt, the most complete in the United States. The list of presidents comprises, the Rev. William Smith, D. D.; the Rev. John Ewing, D. D.; John Mc Dowell, LL. D.; the Rev. John Andrews, D. D.; and the Rev. Frederick Beazley, D. Ď. Washington and Jefferson Colleges are in the neighbourhood of each other; and are very much alike in every particular. The funds of the former are small;-but it has a pretty good library and philosophical apparatus. Dr. John Macmillan, was its founder; and the Rev. John Watson, the Rev. James Dunlap, and the Rev. Andrew Wylie, comprise the list of its presidents. Washington college has funds to the amount of $20,000; and is now under the presidency of the Rev. Mathew Brown. In each of these colleges the average number of students is about sixty.

At Athens, in Ohio, a college has lately been established, with landed funds which already yield a revenue of $30,000; and which are every day growing more and more productive. Its president is the Rev. Mr. Lindly, an alumnus of Jefferson College; who already enjoys the satisfaction of having under him about ninety pupils.

In 1782, Washington College was established at Chestertown, in Maryland. It was at first empowered to hold property yielding 6,000l. a year, and had granted to it two years afterwards, a revenue of 1250., arising from forfeitures and marriage licenses on the eastern shore. During the same year, too, St. John's College was founded at Annapolis, with the power of holding property worth 9,000l. a year, together with a revenue of 1750l. arising from forfeitures and marriage licenses on the western. These two institutions constituted the University of Maryland; but neither has ever been well supplied with teachers or with pupils. In 1785, the methodists established a college at Abington, Herford county;-but their building was consumed by fire, we know not in what year precisely. They then built an edifice in Baltimore, and got the institution pretty well a-going, when their house was burned again; and though some attempts have been made to get up a second phoenix college, the undertaking is now pretty much at an end. There are, besides, two colleges at Baltimore; both of which were chartered,-though neither is supported,-by the state. St. Mary's College was es tablished, under the patronage of the Jesuits, by that extensive