Heavy Weather Avoidance and Route Design: Concepts and Applications of 500 Mb ChartsParadise Cay Publications, 2008 - 246 páginas In Heavy Weather Avoidance, Chen and Chesneau merge the seamanship of a master mariner and the forecast expertise of a senior meteorologist, providing readers with double-barrel exposure to what actually goes on in the atmosphere and on the sea's surface. Mariners and recreational sailors are more concerned about the implications of volatile weather rather than its fluid dynamics. From start to finish the authors have cut to the chase, creating a readable text brimming with useful graphics. It's focused on the root cause of how and why bad weather develops and where it's likely to go. There's enough theory provided for a reader to get a feel for how air mass energy transfer works, but just as the theoretical aspect takes on a mission of its own, there's a shift to more practical self-forecasting and storm avoidance wisdom. Captain Ma-Li Chen shares his well-tested routing strategy and describes how it factors in the use of the 500 Mb chart. |
Conteúdo
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24 | |
35 CutOff Lows and CutOff Highs | 27 |
Basic Characteristics of 500 Mb Upper Air Charts | 31 |
141 Dumbbell Effect | 101 |
142 Assimilation Effect | 102 |
143 Explosion Effect | 103 |
Tropical Cyclone Analysis | 107 |
Tropical Cyclone Kinna 9117 | 116 |
Tropical Cyclone Gary | 123 |
Introduction to Route Design Examples | 127 |
Classification of Routes | 131 |
42 Predicting Which Way a Cyclone Intensity | 37 |
43 Predicting Which Way a Cyclone Will Move | 40 |
44 Relationship Between UpperLevel Low Center | 43 |
45 Formation and Movement of the UpperLevel Low Center | 45 |
46 UpperLevel Cold Area | 47 |
Basic Principles and Forecast Applications for Tropical Cyclones | 49 |
Relationship Between 500 Mb UpperLevel Charts and Temperature | 55 |
Flow Patterns and Distribution of Features Within the Specialized Strong Wind Belt | 59 |
71 Zonal Flow | 60 |
72 Zonal Flow Displaced Southward | 61 |
73 Meridional Flow | 63 |
74 Blocking Pattern | 64 |
75 Omega Block | 65 |
76 CutOffTrapped UpperLevel Low | 66 |
77 Narrow in the West Wide in the East | 68 |
78 Narrow in the East Wide in the West | 70 |
Route Design and Applications of 500 Mb UpperLevel Charts | 73 |
Navigation Zones and Route Planning | 75 |
82 Determining the Best Route Design | 78 |
UpperLevel Strong Wind Belt Position and Its Relationship | 79 |
Relationship Between the UpperLevel Strong Wind Belt and Ships Motion | 81 |
102 Latitudinal Shift of Eastbound Shipping | 82 |
Major Considerations for Route Design | 83 |
112 Ship Characteristics and Loading Conditions | 85 |
113 Meteorological Conditions and Route Designs | 86 |
General Strategy for Ocean Route Design | 89 |
Practical Application of Atlantic and Pacific HighFrequency Facsimile Weather Charts | 91 |
132 Pacific Ocean | 94 |
133 Marking 500 Mb UpperLevel Charts | 96 |
Transformation due to Two Cyclones Close to Each Other | 99 |
Further Discussions of the Distance Factor | 143 |
182 Pacific and Atlantic Ocean Route Designs | 144 |
183 The Concept of Route Distance | 145 |
184 The Unit Used to Decide the Distance Difference Between Routes | 147 |
Further Discussion of Weather Conditions | 149 |
192 Evaluation of the Weather Loss Rate for a Single Cyclone | 154 |
193 Producing the Reference Table for the Weather Loss Rate | 158 |
194 Summary of the Reference Table for Weather Loss Rate | 163 |
195 Discussing the Weather Loss Rate in the D Zone for Eastbound Shipping | 164 |
Diagram Summary Examples | 167 |
2 Estimate of the Weather Loss Rate for the East Portion of the Route Design | 168 |
3 Estimate of the Weather Loss Rate for the West Portion of the Route Design | 172 |
4 Estimate of Weather Loss Rate by Ocean Currents | 174 |
Summarizing the Comparison for Example One | 175 |
202 SectionBased Evaluation | 177 |
3 Estimating Weather Loss Rate for the West Portion of the Route Design | 182 |
4 Estimating Weather Loss Rate by the Ocean Currents | 185 |
Summarizing the Comparison for Example Two | 186 |
203 Evaluation by the Elimination Method | 187 |
2032 Example Two | 190 |
2041 Example One | 192 |
APPENDIX A | 196 |
Atlantic Distance Tables New York to Le Havre | 197 |
Pacific Distance Considerations | 201 |
Pacific Distance Tables Tokyo to Lost Angeles | 202 |
Mariners Guide to the 500 Millibar Chart | 207 |
Glossary | 218 |
Index | 234 |
Colophon | 244 |
Termos e frases comuns
500 Mb chart 500 Mb upper 500 Mb upper-air 500 Mb upper-level 5700 M streamline adiabatic lapse rate Aleutian Islands Aleutian Islands route atmosphere Beaufort force circle route cold front cyclone Ivy depicted distance loss rate east eastbound estimated weather loss example extra turning points guidance flow height contours jet stream Kinna knots level low longitude loss rate estimate Ma-Li diagonal Mb upper-air chart meridional flow meteorological meters move movement pivot point point or vertex Quadrant recurve rhumb-line route route design short wave trough short-wave single great circle specialized strong wind streamline contours strong wind belt surface low surface mid-latitude low surface weather temperature total weather loss tropical cyclone upper low center upper-level high upper-level low center upper-level strong wind upper-level trough line wave height weather conditions weather loss rate westbound ship westerly zonal flow zone route